Abstract

We present petrology, geochemistry and radiogenic isotope (Sr and Nd) data of thirteen post-Deccan lamprophyre dykes in the Narmada rift zone from the Chhotaudepur alkaline province of the Deccan Large Igneous Province (DLIP). Mineralogically, these dykes show affinity towards alkaline (sannaite and camptonite) as well as ultramafic (damtjernite) varieties of lamprophyres. Their major oxides and certain trace element ratios increase with increasing silica content highlighting the strong influence of fractionation processes. Their Nb/U and Ce/Pb ratios are similar to the mantle array defined by MORBs and OIBs and suggests an uncontaminated nature. Major oxide (K2O, Na2O, SiO2 and TiO2) contents show geochemical similarity towards shoshonitic volcanic series, whereas elevated Zr/Hf and Nb/La coupled with suppressed Rb/Nb and Zr/b display their affinity towards HIMU-type intraplate basalts. Their radiogenic initial 87Sr/86Sr (0.706034–0.710582) and sub-chondritic initial ɛNd (−8.6 to 2.1)

Abstract

Integrated geological investigations using rock cores and well logs were performed on the Paleozoic Khuff and Unayzah formations to study their petrography, sedimentology and diagenesis. The formations occur at depths >15,000 ft, while the Unayzah was not reached in some wells up to 20,000 ft. Their depositional basins seem to be affected by the Kuwait Arch, where the Khuff Formation is fully penetrated only in the wells located over this Arch. The Khuff Formation shows complex lithological facies composed mainly of massive hard, fractured dolostone with frequent anhydrite veins and nodules. The Dolomite concentration ranges from 90 to 100% with varying percentage of anhydrite and low quartz percent (2.5%). Few minerals such as quartz, montmorillonite and pyrite are found at some depths. The Basal Khuff Clastics (BKC) is represented by a sequence of interbedded sand, muddy sand and carbonaceous shale with advanced diagenetic changes, deposited as calcareous grainstone within shallow ma

Abstract

The Early to Late Cretaceous Mundwara alkaline complex (comprising the Musala, Mer and Toa plugs) displays a broad spectrum of alkaline rocks closely associated in space and time with the Deccan large igneous province in NW India. Petrology and Nd–Sr isotopic data on the two youngest and altogether compositionally different lamprophyre dykes of the Mundwara alkaline complex are presented in this paper to understand their petrogenesis and also to constrain the magmatic processes responsible for generation of the rock spectrum in the complex (pyroxenite, picrite ankaramite, carbonatite, shonkinite, olivine gabbro, feld-spathoidal and foid-free syenite). The two lamprophyre dykes occurring in the Mer and the Musala hills are referred to as basaltic camptonite I and camptonite II, respectively. The basaltic camptonite I is highly porphyritic and contains olivine, clinopyroxene and magnetite macrocrysts embedded within the groundmass of micro-phenocyrsts composed of clinopyroxene, phlogopit

Abstract

The evaluation of unconventional formations is complicated by the structurally heterogeneous nature of fine-grained strata and their intricate pore networks, which are interdependent on many geologic factors including total organic carbon (TOC) content, mineralogy, maturity and grain-size. The low permeability of unconventional rocks requires massive hydraulic fracturing to enhance connectivity and increase permeability for the flow. To design an effective fracturing technique, it is necessary to have a good understanding of the reservoir characteristics and fluid flow properties at multiple scales. In this work, representative core plug samples from a tight carbonate source rock in the Middle East were characterized at the core- and pore-scale levels using a Digital Rock Physics (DRP) workflow. The tight nature of the carbonate rocks prevented the use of conventional methods in measuring special core analysis (SCAL) data. Two-dimensional Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and three-di

Abstract

Well logs from nine deep exploratory and development wells in Kuwaiti oil fields have been used to study petrophysical characteristics and their effect on the reservoir quality of the subsurface Paleozoic Khuff and Unayzah formations. Petrophysical log data have been calibrated with core analysis available at some intervals. The study indicates a complex lithological facies of the Khuff Formation that is composed mainly of dolomite and anhydrite interbeds with dispersed argillaceous materials and few limestone intercalations. This facies greatly lowered the formation matrix porosity and permeability index. The porosity is fully saturated with water, which is reflected by the low resistivity logs responses, except at some intervals where few hydrocarbon shows are recorded. The impermeable anhydrites, massive (low-permeability) carbonate rock and shale at the lower part of the formation combine to form intraformational seals for the clastic reservoirs of the underlying Unayzah Formation.

Abstract

In horizontal holes, several factors are affecting formation resistivity. The electromagnetic waves generated from the LWD tools are covering the adjacent beds and the reading can be highly affected. Moreover, when the well trajectory is cutting a bed boundary at a high angle, polarization horns are causing severe noise that masks the true formation resistivity. Recently, several wells in KOC had suffered the above mentioned effects causing great ambiguity in water saturation determination. Moreover, the use of LWD with natural radioactive sources has been always a big concern to KOC. An alternative option to resistivity was proposed to KOC based on using Sigma. The technique incorporates Pulsed Neutron Generators and acts as a multi-purpose measurement (Resistivity / Density / Neutron / Sigma / Spectroscopy). In addition, the technology can be used Sourceless. This technology was used for the first time in Kuwait with great success. The Sigma was used in the water saturation calculati

Abstract

A 56-year-old post-menopausal woman, with 3 previous caesarean sections (CSs), presented to the emergency department with abdominal distension, without abdominal pain, tenderness, and/or rigidity. The abdominal examination of the studied woman showed a mobile, pelvi-abdominal mass 4 fingers breadth above the umbilicus. Magnetic resonance imaging study of the mass showed a large, well-defined, multi-locular cystic mass measuring 25.5 x 21 cm, which was most probably a right ovarian cystadenoma. The studied woman signed a written consent form for total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, after the normal tumour markers, and pre-operative investigations. Under general anaesthesia, an elliptical Pfannenstiel skin incision was done to remove the old CSs scars, followed by opening of the patient's anterior abdominal wall in layers. Total abdominal hysterectomy and unilateral left SO were done first, to deliver the ovarian mass easily and intact outside the abdomen aft

Abstract

Purpose: Proper nutrition is essential for brain development during infancy, contributing to the continued development of cognitive, motor, and socio-emotional skills throughout life. Considering the insufficient published data in the Middle East and North Africa, experts drafted a questionnaire to assess the opinions and knowledge of physicians on the impact of nutrition on brain development and cognition in early life. Methods: The questionnaire consisted of two parts: The first focused on the responders' demographic and professional characteristics and the second questioned the role of nutrition in brain development and cognition. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize respondents' characteristics and their responses to questions. Results: A total of 1,500 questionnaires were distributed; 994 physicians responded. The majority of the surveyed physicians (64.4%) felt that nutrition impacts brain development in early childhood (0-4 years), with almost 90% of physicians agreeing

Abstract

Polymer flooding is a common enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method used to increase aqueous phase sweep efficiency by increasing viscosity. Estimating polymer viscosity for given reservoir conditions (i.e., oil viscosity, temperature, and brine composition) requires intensive laboratory work. There are existing empirical models to estimate polymer bulk rheology without prior laboratory work; however, they have many coefficients, simple brine composition, and lack physics-based regression boundaries. This study benchmarks the existing polymer empirical and machine learning (ML) models against a new data-driven model with some physics basis for common synthetic polymers. We cover a broad range of polymer concentrations, temperature, salinity, and hardness with an upper limit of 5,000 ppm, 120°C, 290,000 ppm, and 33,000 ppm, respectively. The data were preprocessed through data analytics techniques, and a model was developed with some physics basis by fitting Martin's equation for Carreau mo

Abstract

We review a processing sequence for data conditioning and predicting surface and internal multiples that was applied with success on Kuwaiti datasets and, in particular, is favored for conditioning the data prior to amplitude variation with azimuth inversions and fracture characterization. We report on enhancements to this processing sequence evaluated by testing on a pilot dataset. Our tests suggest that improved preprocessing (geometry regularization and near-offsets reconstruction) and more flexible parametrizations of the generators of multiples, with particular attention to multiples generated in the near surface, can have a significant contribution to improved results from multiple attenuation. © 2017 SEG.

Abstract

Coring reservoir rock has been an integral part of any oil & gas operator. With a vertically stacked multiple reservoirs in Kuwait stratigraphy cores are thus taken in various depth ranges from few hundred feet to higher than ten thousand feet. Wireline Coring technology, which has been successfully applied in various parts of the world, was found to be an alternative to cut down on rig time and maintain good quality of cores. Heavy oil shallow unconsolidated reservoir of Lower Fars was chosen to be tested with this innovative technology. This reservoir is as it is challenging for coring due to its highly unconsolidated nature with high intergranular porosity coupled with the issue of gravity settling of heavy oil which limits the individual core intervals. The CorionExpress® technology of NOV uses a PDC core bit which has a wireline- conveyed drilling insert to convert the core bit to drilling mode in matter of minutes. This helps in taking multiple cores with intermittent drilling wi

Abstract

The Tuba carbonate reservoir in the Sabriyah field, North Kuwait was deposited above the Wara shale and overlaid by the Ahmadi shale. It is divided into three stratigraphic units: upper, middle, and lower. This formation was considered to have limited opportunity for production enhancement. However, improved reservoir characterization along with developed pinpoint fracture acidizing technologies have provided new opportunities to improve recovery and increase pay zone productivity. Pinpoint fracture acidizing technology, using drillpipe with a bottomhole pinpoint tool assembly, has helped to effectively stimulate pay intervals individually using acid fracturing treatments. This resulted in achieving multiple stimulation treatments in a single trip, where each treatment stage was tailored for the specific interval being treated. Moreover, this pinpoint technique increased the number of treated stages per well compared to conventional multistage fracture acidizing, which led to greater e

Abstract

The Middle Burgan formation in North Kuwait is very challenging: its limited vertical thickness and overall low resistivity require complex and special operations for drilling, formation evaluation and completion to ensure optimum production. The objective of this case study is to demonstrate the value of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) log data to provide rock quality and fluid typing in this challenging environment, where conventional logs are not enough for reservoir understanding along a horizontal well. A horizontal 6 1/8" section was drilled through the Middle Burgan formation with oil-based mud and Gamma Ray, Resistivity, Density data were acquired while drilling, and data from the latest generation of multifrequency, focused NMR wireline tool (FMR), conveyed on pipe (PCL). Water saturation computation in low resistivity pay often exceeds the real value when computed using conventional logs. In this environment, NMR logging proved to be essential for the proper reservoir charac

Abstract

Objective: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of Pipelle endometrial sampling with conventional dilatation & curettage in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding. Methods: One hundred and forty patients with abnormal uterine bleeding were included in this comparative study; endometrial sampling was done before cervical dilatation by Pipelle device followed by conventional dilatation & curettage (D&C). The histopathology report of the Pipelle sample was compared with that of the D&C sample and the D&C report was considered as the gold standard. Results: 100% of the samples obtained by conventional D&C, while 97.9% of the samples obtained by Pipelle device were adequate for histopathological examination. The histolopathological examination of one hundred and forty (140) samples obtained by conventional D&C revealed proliferative endometrium in 37 specimens, secretory endometrium in 33 specimens, endometrial hyperplasia in 49 specimens (45 without atypia & 4 with atypia), endometritis in

Abstract

Aim: This study was designed to compare the accuracy of placental alpha microglobulin-1 (PAMG-1) versus insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) to diagnose premature rupture of fetal membranes (PROM). Material and Methods: This comparative prospective study was carried out over 3 years in Al-Rashid Maternity and Ahmadi Hospitals, Kuwait. One hundred and fifty pregnant women after 37 weeks gestation were included in this study for induction of labor and divided into two groups according to presence or absence of PROM. Results: In this study, the sensitivity and specificity (97.3% and 98.7%) of PAMG-1 to diagnose PROM were statistically insignificant compared with the sensitivity and specificity (89.3% and 82.7%) of IGFBP-1. The PPV and NPV (98.6% and 97.4%) of PAMG-1 were also statistically insignificant compared with the PPV and NPV (83.8% and 88.6%) of IGFBP-1. Also, the accuracy (98%) of PAMG-1 was statistically insignificant compared with the accuracy (86%) of IGFBP-1

Abstract

Deviation from exploration for conventional, Albian age, clastic plays towards carbonate plays of a stratigraphic nature has prompted the use of plan view - horizontal seismic displays in the interpretation process as an additional means of data visualization enhancement. Significant improvement in accuracy and speed have been attained with the use of horizontal displays in the mapping of minor lineaments and faults with no visible, or minor throw on vertical seismic sections. Mapping practices include work on horizontal slices and slabs, which can be either horizon or time consistent. This approach to seismic interpretation has allowed the inclusion of seismic Attributes, Spectral Decomposition, Edge detection, Coherence, Dip and Azimuth analysis, and other display enhancements into the interpretation process. Carbonate plays of the Lower Cretaceous are of emerging interest as exploration targets. This type of play relies on fracture porosity, which is developed in close association w

Abstract

The escalating oil demand and maturity of most of the giant oil fields in the world, especially in the Middle East, the techniques for improving oil recovery have became more feasible and essential. Kuwait long term strategy is to increase oil production to meet marked demand. Currently, miscible gas injection is considered for enhancing oil production from Kuwaiti oil reservoirs. A key parameter for assessing the applicability of gas injection for a given reservoir is the minimum miscibility pressure (MMP). In this paper various miscibility experiments for planning gas injection projects in major producing fields in Kuwait are discussed. These experiments include swelling tests, slimtube tests, and core flooding studies. These tests are useful tool for screening of the potential reservoirs for improving their future oil production and for developing suitable EOS for planning gas injection projects of the chosen fields. Copyright 2009, Society of Petroleum Engineers.

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the World Health Organization (WHO) declared it a pandemic on 11 March 2020. Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is a real-time bedside tool used by physicians to guide rapid, focused and accurate evaluation in order to identify or rule out various pathologies. We describe the case of an elderly man who had fallen at home 3 days previously and was hypoxic at presentation to the emergency department (ED). POCUS in the ED helped to identify a combination of lung and vascular involvement that indicated COVID-19 infection, which was confirmed by a laboratory test. © EFIM 2020.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: There is scarce literature on point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) assessment characteristics in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia with hypoxic respiratory failure. METHODS: This study was an observational, prospective, single-center study, including adults suspected to have COVID-19 who were transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU). An intensivist in critical care ultrasound performed lung ultrasound (LUS) and echocardiology within 12 hours of patients' admission to the ICU. We calculated the trans mitral E/A ratio, E/e′, left ventricular ejection fraction (EF), inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter, right ventricle (RV) size and systolic function. RESULTS: In the group of patients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia, echocardiographic findings revealed normal E/e′, deceleration time (DT), and transmittal E/A ratio compared to those in the non-COVID-19 patients (p = 0.001, 0.0001, and 0.0001, respectively). IVC diameter was < 2 cm with > 50% collapsibility in 62 (81%

Abstract

Ratawi Limestone is a fairly low permeability reservoir in the Umm Gudair field of Kuwait. Production history shows low liquid rate and fast pressure depletion around the wellbore. To understand the causatives for flow restriction, this study captures systematically different pore types, their relationship, distribution, connectivity and their impact on reservoir fluid flow behavior. It is observed that pores are not related to any depositional surface and are rather formed due to mesogenetic corrosion of highly micritized, tight carbonate rock bodies. Primary pores are almost completely destroyed during the process of shallow burial diagenesis. Separate vug pores are both fabric as well as nonfabric selective type and are the main contributor of pore volume within an overall pervasive (micritic) matrix pore dominated system of wackestone and packstone. Five porefacies are created on the basis of capillarity within a wider range of pore throat size variation. Type 1 is represented by m

Abstract

It is widely accepted that the zeta potential in natural sandstones is negative in the brine pH and compositions found in the subsurface. The zeta potential is a measure of the electrical potential at a mineral surface. We report new measurements of the zeta potential using a saline natural brine rich in divalent ions. The sandstone samples were quartz dominated but some also contained dolomite, siderite, and clay minerals. The quartz-dominated sandstones showed behavior consistent with earlier studies, but the dolomite- and siderite-bearing samples returned positive zeta potentials. We suggest that this is caused by a positive zeta potential on dolomite and siderite mineral surfaces, adsorption of divalent ions onto quartz mineral surfaces, and/or ion exchange with clay minerals. The results have broad implications for the zeta potential of natural sandstones, because the magnitude and polarity of the zeta potential impact geophysical monitoring and the transport of the charged contam

Abstract

This paper proposes two seismic characterization workflows based on the results obtained after a supervised seismic facies analysis. Two methodologies have been designed in the frame of an integrated reservoir study. They are based on a real data set and pre-stack inversion results (P and S impedance volumes), and a comprehensive well data analysis. These workflows exploit the two outputs of the supervised facies analysis, namely the facies attribution and the probabilities of good assignment. One workflow uses the geographical distribution of the facies areas, with a strong hypothesis of continuity, while the other is based on the good assignment probabilities. Both methods aim at providing a constraint for a geomodel with a spatial continuity consistent with the geology. These two approaches have successfully been controlled and compared. Finally, the results were integrated in the geological model infilling. © 2013 SEG.

Abstract

This paper proposes two seismic characterization workflows based on the results obtained after a supervised seismic facies analysis. Two methodologies have been designed in the frame of an integrated reservoir study. They are based on a real data set and pre-stack inversion results (P and S impedance volumes), and a comprehensive well data analysis. These workflows exploit the two outputs of the supervised facies analysis, namely the facies attribution and the probabilities of good assignment. One workflow uses the geographical distribution of the facies areas, with a strong hypothesis of continuity, while the other is based on the good assignment probabilities. Both methods aim at providing a constraint for a geomodel with a spatial continuity consistent with the geology. These two approaches have successfully been controlled and compared. Finally, the results were integrated in the geological model infilling. © 2013 SEG.

Abstract

Post-transfusion purpura (PTP) is a rare bleeding disorder of platelet alloimmunization that perhaps occurs as an anamnestic reaction. Most commonly, it is observed in P1A1-negative subjects previously sensitized with P1A1 platelet antigen either through P1A1-positive pregnancy or P1A1-positive transfusion. PTP appears with sudden severe thrombocytopenia, purpura, and often life-threatening hemorrhage within 5-10 days of blood transfusion. It is believed to be self-resolving. Yet inactivity risking dangerous bleeding can be disastrous. Treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin, corticosteroids, exchange transfusion, and plasmapheresis has been reported with variable success. No single modality, however, is effective in all cases. Not more than 150 cases of PTP seem to have been reported. We present two such cases. Both were multiparous P1A1-negative women given a blood transfusion for the first time. Corticosteroid therapy failed in both. One responded to intravenous immunoglobulin, wh

Abstract

Operators commonly adopt waterflooding as a secondary recovery method to maintain reservoir pressure and displace remaining oil for production enhancement. Effluent and seawater have been injected into the Upper Burgan formation, which contains multiple layers of sand reservoirs, in the North Kuwait Raudhatain field. Well-based surveillance to understand post-waterflooding hydrocarbon distribution is essential for new perforation additions. Formation saturation monitoring for cased wells is widely performed with pulsed neutron well logging techniques. Pulsed neutron well logging provides time-based thermal neutron capture cross-section (i.e., sigma log) and energy-based element-specific ratios (i.e., carbon/oxygen (C/O) logs). Formation water salinity must be known and high to use sigma data to quantify formation fluids. When formation water salinity becomes a variable due to effluent and seawater injection, sigma log-based saturation analysis is not applicable. A salinity-independent

Abstract

The concept of thin bed resolution, sub seismic scale faults, joints or lineaments and identification of fracture zones took a new initiative with evolution of more and more advanced seismic attribute studies over last decades. Time, phase and frequency dominated seismic attributes and their combination are extensively used which often improve the structural and fault/fracture definition beyond seismic tuning resolution and it often help resolve what cannot otherwise be resolved from normal seismic sections. The current paper is focused on the use of various seismic attributes and their contribution towards understanding the structure, fault, fracture and other reservoir characteristics. Although the current presentation mostly emphasize on the area in the SW part of Kuwait (Figure-1), it also demonstrates the study in other parts of Kuwait. Moreover, it illustrates how improved structural imaging is achieved with consistent effort through use of latest package of attribute suits that

Abstract

An improvement in the simulation of the power lines is obtained by adding a negative capacitance in parallel with the series inductances in the π-equivalent circuit model.In electric lines and cables paraments are not lumped, but distributed all over the length of the circuit. Resistances, conductances, capacitances, and inductances are all expressed in Ω/m, □/m, F/m, and H/m respectively. However, upon expanding 1/Z' and Y' in terms of the dimensionless variable (γL), where L is the length of the line, one more term leads to a more elaborate equivalent circuit, with an additional negative capacitance in parallel with the Z'.In this paper I will compare the Exact model, Nominal π, and the modified π model using 1.Input Impedance Study 2.Input to Output Voltage Ratio including two case studies 3.Output Voltage Transient Response ©2010 IEEE.

Abstract

Four azimuth-sectored 3D P-P volumes were pre-stack time migrated (PSTM) using the same velocity field. These high-fold full-azimuth full-offset data (4,000-5,000 traces were summed in each bin in each azimuth sector) of high S/N enable azimuthal analysis of amplitudes, and acoustic impedance, at the top of the reservoir unit of interest (14,000 ft depth). Each azimuthal cube was inverted for acoustic impedance after prestack time migration. These high-fold azimuth-sectored PSTM 3D data enable us to determine the azimuthal variation of amplitudes, and acoustic impedance, assuming orthorhombic symmetry (flat layers and one set of vertical aligned frctures), and so map relative fracture density and fracture azimuth of the open fractures that flow hydrocarbons in the reservoir unit. The N-S natural fracture strike seen at Well A in the reservoir unit are parallel to the local max hor stress, as interpreted through borehole breakout and the induced fractures. The N-S trending fractures at

Abstract

Using high-salinity effluent water for polymer flooding is a strategic endeavor to mitigate water-handling constraints and debottleneck oil production. This study sheds light on the workflow that was adopted to select appropriate polyacrylamides with AMPS/ATBS monomers to improve polymer stability, particularly under harsh salinity, hardness and H2S levels. Molecular weight optimization was important to rationalize polymer selection for two stacked reservoirs with different permeabilities to reduce polymer retention and maximize oil gains. Extensive laboratory evaluation followed by a one-spot EOR pilot and a regular 5-spot pattern confirmed the effectiveness of polymer flooding for the Umm Niqa Lower Fars (UNLF) sour heavy oil reservoir, using high-salinity effluent water with Polymer A, mainly targeting the F2 layer. This instigated further investigation on the feasibility of polymer-flooding for the UNLF F1 layer (i.e. F1), overlying the UNLF F2 layer (i.e. F2), using the same wells

Abstract

An account is given of the results achieved by treating schistosomiasis by various methods. Though reinfection is a factor of negligible importance the percentage of cures is lower than is generally reported elsewhere. It is suggested that this may be due to variations in the species of worm causing the infestation. © 1958 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.

Abstract

1. 1) Experience of various methods of treating schistosomiasis is described. It is thought that the 6 days course of sodium antimonylgluconate is the method of choice. Relapsed cases may be given the standard course of sodium or potassium antimony tartrate or a repeat course of sodium antimonylgluconate. In either instance a normal E.C.G. tracing should be obtained from the patient before embarking on the second treatment. 2. 2) It is possible that the commoner helminth causing urinary schistosomiasis in and around Kuwait is a subspecies of S. haematobium, producing ova which are relatively long and thin. 3. 3) There has been an increase in the incidence of schistosomiasis in Kuwait. It is difficult to decide if this is apparent or due to true endemic infection. Further investigation is urgently required. 4. 4) It is possible that there is a seasonal variation in the incidence of the onset of symptoms of schistosomiasis. © 1961.

Abstract

Tight carbonate reservoir is located in North Kuwait and classified as an unconventional reservoir under study. A practical imaging technique of wettability contact angle (θ°) presents "big data as well as relative-permeability (Krw and Kro) measurements. Also, modeling, through rock image technology, the vast well-documented grain/ pore boundary morphology available inside fresh rock fragments. Conventional laboratory relative-permeability experiments are expensive and time consuming. This study will introduce a novel method to measure/ calculate relative permeability through fast, less expensive, non-destructive, and environmentally friendly techniques of imaging technology. One tight carbonate reservoir is selected, imaged, processed, analyzed, and then modeled using several pore diameter morphological models. The images are captured using backscattered electron microscopy BSE-SEM technology analyses. In this study, two dimensional images are used to characterize the morphology of s

Abstract

This study focuses on a tight carbonate reservoir which is located in Northern Kuwait and is classified as an unconventional reservoir. A practical imaging technique of wettability contact angle (θ°) presents "big data" as well as relative-permeability (Krw and Kro) measurements. Also, modeling, through rock image technology, the vast well-documented grain/pore boundary morphology available inside fresh rock fragments have achieved good results. Conventional laboratory relative-permeability experiments are expensive and time-consuming. This study introduces a novel method to measure/calculate relative permeability through fast, less expensive, non-destructive, and environmentally friendly techniques of imaging technology. One tight carbonate reservoir is selected, imaged, processed, analyzed, and then modeled using several pore diameter morphological models. The images are captured using a backscattered electron microscopy BSE-SEM technology analyses. In this study, two-dimensional ima

Abstract

Palpation method is widely used in clinical practice to identify the puncture site during combined spinal-epidural (CSE) blocks. Tuffier’s line, is an anatomical landmark between two iliac crests (inter-cristal), which is widely used to identify the puncture site during CSE blocks is not always an indicator for specific vertebral level or inter-vertebral space. One hundred and Ten (110) women were scheduled for normal vaginal delivery and were randomized into two equal groups; palpation group and an ultrasound guided group to detect the efficacy of puncture ultrasound before CSE blocks to increase chances of successful CSE procedure on the first attempt and to reduce the number of attempts or punctures during insertion of CSE catheter. There were no significant differences between two studied groups regarding; maternal age, weight and height, while, there was a significant difference between two studied groups regarding; parity. Percentage of successful CSE procedure on the first attem

Abstract

Fluid determination in in-situ condition is extremely desirable to understand hydrocarbon potential of Jurassic unconventional reservoirs in West Kuwait (WK). Conventional coring methods typically lack the capability to determine in-situ conditions of a reservoir once the core sample is recovered and transported to the laboratory. Due to the change in pressure and temperature throughout the recovery process as well as the associated subsequent on-site handling procedures, a significant amount of oil / water and especially gas will be lost or significantly altered. Pressurized coring or pressure-retained coring methods can mitigate or potentially eradicate these shortcomings by encapsulating the core sample downhole, thus preventing these disadvantageous effects and preserving the core sample as close to its in-situ conditions as technically possible. However, due to scarcity of established pressure coring systems or services in the market, and especially for the harsh reservoir conditi

Abstract

The Late Albian Mauddud Formation of North Kuwait is composed of inner ramp carbonates and deltaic clastics. It hosts prolific hydrocarbon reserves in Kuwait and across the Arabian Gulf region where the reservoirs are typically the carbonate deposits. Accurately predicting the reservoir properties in the Mauddud Formation is challenging due to the non-unique wireline signatures, which result from the inherent diagenetic heterogeneity and complexity. 385ft of continuous FMI image log data, collected from a single well covering the entire formation in a north Kuwait field, has been analysed to assess its potential to characterise and extrapolate the sedimentological, diagenetic and reservoir characteristics into uncored wells. Nine distinct image facies have been defined, each of which display a specific image fabric. The image facies have been calibrated with core, thin section petrographic observations and core plug data to aid reservoir quality predictability. The study shows that gro

Abstract

Characterizing reservoir fluid composition is a crucial step in all phases of the exploration and development cycle of any oil field. The petroleum industry has dedicated much work to build up computational techniques to model phase behavior through two approaches using conventional regression methods and the Equation-of-State models. Recently, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) have been successfully used to solve numerous problems in the petroleum industry. This interest is due to the fact that neural networks generally have large degrees of freedom, thus they can capture the nonlinearity of the process being studied better than regression techniques. In addition, neural networks have the ability to model systems with multiple inputs and outputs. The objective of this study was to develop a neural network model to predict the molar compositions of heavy oil as functions of the well location, depth, bottomhole temperature, bottomhole pressure, API gravity, and gas gravity. Since composi

Abstract

Predicting the distribution and heterogeneity of marine Mesozoic organic-rich rocks is a challenging task that requires multi-disciplinary data integration supported by innovative numerical modelling. This study aims at investigating the factors controlling marine organic matter production, accumulation, and preservation along the eastern Arabian intrashelf basins. Such types of basins exhibit an enhanced lateral and vertical facies variability caused by the interplay between shallow and deeper water sedimentation. The work focuses on characterizing the Mid-Upper Jurassic Najmah Formation that presents source rock, reservoir, as well as seal characteristics along Kuwait. It comprises high maturity levels (>0.6% Ro) and TOC values ranging between 2 and 30%. Forward stratigraphic modelling that includes organic matter production, transport, and preservation (i.e., degradation and dilution) was utilized. Models corresponding to two end-member basin types (restricted and fully open marine)

Abstract

Reservoir souring often occurs as a result of secondary recovery using water-flood. Until recently, the mechanisms of souring were poorly understood but it is now possible to quantify and profile the development of sour gas production. The latest understanding of the mechanisms of reservoir souring have been used to model the souring potential of North Kuwait reservoirs, undertaken as part of a process of risk management in field development planning. The Kuwait Oil Company has taken this one step further by interfacing the souring model to a proprietary, state-of-the-art, steady state process simulation package, as part of a wider process of integrated field development. Interfacing a subsurface souring model to a process facilities compositional simulation has resulted in the ability to assess, with an unusual degree of confidence, the technical and economic effects of reservoir souring on facilities design and operation. This knowledge has been used for the preliminary assessment of

Abstract

Drilling expenses are a persistent concern for the majority of oil exploration and production companies. Despite declining oil prices, drilling costs continue to rise over time due to inflation and industry demands for more complex unconventional and deeper wells to meet production needs. From the inception of the oil industry, penetration rate has been considered a crucial element in cutting down drilling expenses. Oil companies endeavor to enhance rate of penetration through various strategies, including the implementation of new drilling technologies, optimization of drilling fluids, underbalanced drilling and managed pressure drilling, as well as trajectory and parameter optimization. However, due to the complexity in predicting rate of penetration directly, evaluating these methods successfully without field trials within similar geological formations poses a significant challenge. This introduces additional cost risks without guaranteeing success. Therefore, conducting field tria

Abstract

Strong, down going shear waves are observed on near offset VSPs in Kuwait. While attempting to construct a time depth curve by tracking the down-going shear wave form, it was noticed that discontinuities existed. It was hypothesized that these sudden changes were caused by shear wave splitting. Shear wave splitting occurs in anisotropic media. A single shear wave will split into fast and slow shear waves which are orthogonal to each other. The directions of motion will depend on the direction of fractures or stress anisotropy. The wave motion is captured by three component accelerometers in the bore hole. It is common practice to rotate the horizontal components based on the horizontal component of the first arrival (P wave). This rotation of coordinates corrects for rotation of the tool in the hole. A rotation based on the down going shear wave gave a more reasonable shear velocities based on the time depth curve. In addition to velocity we were also able to determine information abou

Abstract

Strong, down going shear waves are observed on near offset VSPs in Kuwait. While attempting to construct a time depth curve by tracking the down-going shear wave form, it was noticed that discontinuities existed. It was hypothesized that these sudden changes were caused by shear wave splitting. Shear wave splitting occurs in anisotropic media. A single shear wave will split into fast and slow shear waves which are orthogonal to each other. The directions of motion will depend on the direction of fractures or stress anisotropy. The wave motion is captured by three component accelerometers in the bore hole. It is common practice to rotate the horizontal components based on the horizontal component of the first arrival (P wave). This rotation of coordinates corrects for rotation of the tool in the hole. A rotation based on the down going shear wave gave a more reasonable shear velocities based on the time depth curve. In addition to velocity we were also able to determine information abou

Abstract

Slug frequency is defined as the number of slugs passing at a specific point along a pipeline over a certain period of time. Most experimental studies related to slug frequency in the literature were conducted using air and water. Data with a viscous liquid phase are scarce. Knowledge of the effect of liquid viscosity on slug flow is crucial to size pipelines and design preprocess equipment. In this study, the effects of high oil viscosity on slug frequency for horizontal pipes are investigated experimentally. The experiments are performed at oil viscosities between 0.181 and 0.589 Pa.s in a horizontal pipe. Experimental results are compared with the existing slug-frequency correlations. Experimental observations reveal that slug frequency appears to be a strong function of liquid viscosity. However, existing slug-frequency closure models do not show any explicit dependency on liquid viscosity. A closure model taking into account viscosity effects for horizontal pipes on slug frequency

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Major oil spills and soil contaminations attracts the attention of its great effects on the Environment elements water, soil and air important part of the spill is to reduce the risk of oil spills, time and effort is highly appreciated in clean up procedures. In march 10 1991 more than 700 oil wells have been damage by Iraqi troops in Kuwait,71,428,571 tons of oil expelled on land and sea of Kuwait .low cost of cleanup contaminated Raduhtain oil field soil was implemented the authors introduced and used washing the contaminated soil by date seeds technique. This work deals with the treatment of oil-contaminated soil, by using different concentration of date seeds. Soil washing is one of the sustainable technologies at present to remove oil from soil. From lab test, it seems to be an excellent way to treat contaminated soil. Samples of soil and wastewater were taken and analyzed in order to evaluate TOC concentration and removal value. The original TOC values of control water samples in

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Epignathus or enigmatic teratoma is rare congenital tumor, arising from the sphenoid region of the palate or pharynx. A 30-year-old pregnant woman presented at 34 weeks + 2 days' gestation with a well-defined solid mass measuring 6.47 cm × 5.7 cm arising from the fetal oral cavity. The color flow mapping showed that the mass was well vascularized, especially in its center, and its blood supply was originated from the fetal oral cavity. The newborn has no chromosomal abnormalities or other associated anomalies and/or intracranial extension immediately and successfully managed after delivery to highlight the importance of prenatal diagnosis and the importance of multidisciplinary team management. © 2019 Journal of Medical Ultrasound.

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Magwa-Marrat reservoir fluid is an asphaltenic hydrocarbon, exhibiting precipitation and deposition of asphaltene in the production system including the reservoir rock near wellbore and the tubing. The main objective of this work was to optimize production in Magwa-Marrat wells by remediation of tubing plugging and formation damage. Well interventions were prioritized based on potential production benefit resulting from the removal of productivity impairment. It was required to understand current formation damage in all wells, including those without recent pressure transient analysis (PTA). All PTA tests since 1983 for Magwa-Marrat reservoir were analyzed to determine the different reservoir parameters such as flow capacity (KH), Skin (S), reservoir boundaries, and the extrapolated reservoir pressure (P*). PTA derived permeability was compared to log derived permeability to quality control skin determination. Independently formation damage was estimated using the radial form of the so

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This paper presents the use of simultaneous inversion technique to explore hydrocarbon potential of a clastic reservoir. The study area in North Kuwait comprises two main fields Raudhatain (RA) and Sabriyah (SA) with multiple reservoirs. The Zubair Formation is one of the clastic reservoirs and a primary producer in Raudhatain field, but, in the adjoining Sabriyah field the reservoir is sporadic though it is structurally high when compared to Raudhatain field. These two fields are separated by a saddle and the wells are lying 20 km apart. Zubair reservoir shows varying trapping mechanism and it is charged mainly from the west and northwest from the Najmah Sargelu source rocks. Understanding of this geometry is crucial in the selection of future drilling locations. It was expected that mapping of the reservoir sands in Zubair formation in the structurally high field Sabriyah can be improved by utilizing the spatial coverage of the 3D seismic data. Hence, the seismic reservoir characteri

Abstract

Aim: To assess the prevalence and incidence of chronic conditions among adults with cerebral palsy (CP) and compare them to the prevalence and incidence among adults without CP. Method: We searched MEDLINE and Embase for studies reporting the prevalence or incidence of one or more chronic conditions among adults with CP. Two independent reviewers screened titles, abstracts, and full-text articles. Two independent reviewers extracted data relating to prevalence and incidence and appraised study quality. We performed random-effects meta-analyses to pool prevalence and incidence. Results: We identified 69 studies; 65 reported the prevalence of 53 conditions and 13 reported the incidence of 21 conditions. At least 20% of adults had the following conditions: depression (21%); anxiety (21%); mood affective disorders (23%); asthma (24%); hypertension (26%); epilepsy (28%); urinary incontinence (32%); malnutrition (38%); and scoliosis (46%). Adults with CP were more likely to have type 2 diabe

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