Abstract

Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) launched the Kuwait Integrated Digital Field GC1 (KwIDF-GC1) pilot project in 2009 as an investigation into how a cross-functional and cross-domain infrastructure could be established to aid in the achievement of corporate goals set for the following two decades. The company's vision for 2030 includes a philosophical shift in the way that the country's workforce accomplishes its tasks, employing the latest technologies and work processes. The project solution integrates field instrumentation, workflows automated in software, and focused collaboration. The Burgan oil field, the second largest in the world and the largest clastic reservoir, was discovered in 1938 and commercial oil production from it began in 1946. Production peaked in 1972 at around 2,400,000barrels per day, and declined to around 1,700,000 barrels per day by 2005 [Croft 2013, Cordahi and Critchlow 2005]. Management of the reservoir has become increasingly challenging, partly due to damage that

Abstract

The ultimate goal of this study is to develop an environmentally and economically sound technology to manage and recover oil from waste water treatment facilities by studying the behavior of oil in water particularly at waste water facilities in Kuwait. The information available is diverse and widespread. Despite the necessity for such information, there's no paper in the literature concerning the fate and behavior of oil in water concerning Kuwait's environment. The actual frequency, magnitude, and consequences are unknown, which has proven to be a serious problem for the environment waste management in Kuwait's Oil industry. Hence this Study attempt to correct that informational void by presenting waste management techniques, solutions, the behavior of oil in water within waste water facilities areas in Kuwait. The methodology adopted was performed by carrying out a review of existing literature, contacting companies previously involved in recovering oil from water worldwide, holding

Abstract

This work aims at describing from a fluid dynamic point of view the occurrence and the origin of sand injectites outcrops observed in two sites within the Bahrah coastal plain area, northern Kuwait Bay, through analogies with the knowledge on spouted beds. For non-cohesive systems, the channel formation can be easily reproduced through Eulerian–Eulerian computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. When a certain fluid inlet velocity is set, the fluid breaks through the bed of particles creating the central channel. Cohesiveness, most likely present and relevant in the field of interest, was introduced by simulating the fluid–sand multiphase system with the CFD software adapted to satisfactorily describe previously reported field observation. To simulate such systems, the volume-of-fluid (VOF) method yielded the best results. In fact, cohesiveness can be taken into account through the Bingham model, which introduces additional parameters to estimate, and these parameters determine wh

Abstract

Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) intends to develop Lower Fars Heavy Oil field on the north of Kuwait that requires steam generation. The Lower Fars Heavy Oil (LFHO) Development Project is targeted at a large heavy oil accumulation of approximately 7 to 15 billion barrels oil-in-place located in a desert area of some 1, 200 km 2 in North Kuwait. The development of this heavy oil resource is important to Kuwait's production strategy. The LFHO reservoir has been partitioned into Well-Blocks; Phase 1 of the LFHO Development Project consists of two such Well-Blocks, which are intended to achieve a target plateau of 60,000 BOPD over a ten-year period from start of operations. This rate will increase after ten years, with future phases ramping up production up to a final plateau of 270,000 BOPD. Reservoir engineering work performed to date indicates that phase 1 areas can best be developed by two or three cycles of

Abstract

Kuwait Oil Company has recognized the implications of the recent technological advances that are very likely to transform the oil industry and make chemical enhanced oil recovery methods such as alkaline-surfactant-polymer (ASP) flooding a hallmark of enhanced oil recovery. An ambitious program to apply chemical EOR to both sandstone and carbonate oil reservoirs in Kuwait is already underway. In this paper, we present the first field results of this effort. First we discuss the approach used to design a novel surfactant formulation for a high-salinity, high-temperature, highly heterogeneous carbonate reservoir, the Sabriyah-Mauddud in Kuwait, and the evaluation of the ASP process in three one-spot ASP pilots (i.e., three two-stage single well chemical tracer tests). We summarize the results of the surfactant laboratory experiments used to select the final ASP formulation and we present detailed results and interpretation of the subsequent single-well chemical tracer test (SWCTTs) resul

Abstract

Exploration activities in Kuwait have been focused on the search for high-quality oil from the Jurassic formations and gas in the Triassic/Permian series. The wells drilled to these prospects are very challenging because of high-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) conditions, large casing sizes, oil-based mud, the presence of high levels of H2S and CO2, and a narrow pore-/fracture-pressure window. In particular, the cementing of the deep strings in these wells has been extremely challenging. Over the last 8 years, a concentrated effort has been made to introduce new technologies and materials to improve the cementing practices both from operational and safety aspects. In 2003, the success ratio for deep cementations was highly variable. The Kuwait Oil Company (KOC), along with one of their cementing service providers, worked on a series of changes to practices and materials with the aim of improving job quality with high repeatability. This was based primarily on the technologies being d

Abstract

The objective of this paper is to discuss the development of a computer code based "Online Production Model" and to demonstrate its potential for optimizing Well Production or Equipment capacities of Oil & Gas handling facilities, in any oilfield. The input data required for the model include the average dry and wet well production rates, GOR's, capacity of each equipment within the oil & gas handling facilities, capacity limitations of the common facilities handling oil, gas & water of entire field and Laboratory data such as crude water cuts within the facilities. Prior to development of this computer programme, calculations were limited to a fixed set of input data and a specific objective function. With the availability of this model, the user has the freedom to modify (online) any input values (such as dry and wet well production rates, water cuts) to obtain the outputs for different sets of input data and objective functions on a single excel worksheet. On account of its modular

Abstract

[No abstract available]

Abstract

In 2009, the Kuwait Integrated Digital Field (KwIDF) project was established in the Sabriyah field in north Kuwait to boost production and reserves (Al-Jasmi et al. 2014). The goal was to help realize the vision of sustained oil production in Kuwait of four million barrels of oil equivalent per day (BOE/D) by 2030 (Goel et al. 2013). The project involved the creation of 11 integrated, automated workflows, and a real-time collaborative environment to help optimize production, reduce downtime, and improve reservoir management: • Key performance monitoring - calculates and displays key parameters to monitor and assess asset performance at the field and well levels (Al-Jasmi et al. 2013). • Well performance evaluation (WPE) - allows users to model and evaluate any well in real time, from completion face to wellhead (Cullick et al. 2013). • Smart production surveillance (SPS) - helps enable users to control production and make surveillance decisions in real time (Villamizar et al. 2013). •

Abstract

In mid-2012 Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) commenced the largest high channel count survey ever conducted worldwide utilizing an integrated point-receiver system; more than 200,000 channels were deployed. In spite of all the operational challenges and obstacles encountered throughout the execution of the survey, the production exceeded the target while maintaining safe operation. The ultimate goal is to provide data set that could improve the illumination of the deep targets for structural imaging and enhance the seismic data inversion, also reduce the operation time for data acquisition as much as possible. © 2014 SEG

Abstract

In mid-2012 Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) commenced the largest high channel count survey ever conducted worldwide utilizing an integrated point-receiver system; more than 200,000 channels were deployed. In spite of all the operational challenges and obstacles encountered throughout the execution of the survey, the production exceeded the target while maintaining safe operation. The ultimate goal is to provide data set that could improve the illumination of the deep targets for structural imaging and enhance the seismic data inversion, also reduce the operation time for data acquisition as much as possible. © 2014 SEG.

Abstract

This paper presents the operation, maintenance and performance of the 600,000 IGPD brackish water reverse osmosis plant for a period of more than five years. It highlights the weak areas of the process, difficulties faced, corrective actions taken and the actual running cost. © 1987, All rights reserved.

Abstract

A heavy oil reservoir occurs in Kuwait at a shallow depth. The API gravity and viscosity of the oil ranges between 12 to 14 API [0.9861 to 0.9725 g/cm3] and 600 to 2000 cst [mm2/s] at 70°F [21.1°C]. Production of heavy oil in a place where high quality oil is abundantly available naturally takes a lower priority. However keeping the future requirements in view a modest start has been made in Kuwait to understand heavy oil production technology by initiating a small pilot project in 1982 followed by a similar project in 1986. A description is given of the operation of the second pilot steam stimulation project in Kuwait.

Abstract

To optimize drilling operations efficiency and improve well planning methodology, Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) has capitalized on the existence of the real-time drilling decision center (RTDDC) to scrutinize the breakdown of rig operations, detect invisible lost time, and explore measures to address the root causes of this lost time. Advanced data analytics were applied to real-time data to investigate the impact of invisible lost time on drilling operations and use it to benchmark rig performance. This information will now be used for better well planning and improved performance tracking, which would traditionally be hard to achieve using legacy methods such as daily drilling reports and spreadsheet reporting. The analysis started with combining real-time data with rig daily drilling report data to perform quality control and validate the operational phases. The combined data output was used to calculate rig states within the different operational intervals throughout the lifetime of the

Abstract

Selecting the optimum combination of technologies is a critical and challenging activity while conducting the opportunity assessment under high levels of uncertainty in a deep (∼9000 feet) extra heavy oil green field transitioning between appraisal and development phases. Low mobility requires enhanced oil recovery to be addressed early in the life of the field, so selected wells can be drilled and completed in selected locations to reduce uncertainty about producibility and flow assurance. This paper presents a practical approach to opportunity assessment based on Front End Loading (FEL) methodology, with three major steps: 1. Evaluation of known data, determination of complexities, uncertainties and risks by benchmarking with selected field analogs, 2. Identification of all potential technology options and 3. Definition of feasible appraisal and development scenarios and a high-level road map including estimates of life cycle cost opportunities for optimization. We found reservoir st

Abstract

An extensive 3D VSP campaign was undertaken in one of the deep wells of the Sabriyah field in Kuwait. The objectives of the VSP were high-resolution imaging of a deep carbonate formation (over 15000ft deep) and to further analyze the VSP data to deduce anisotropy and information on maximum and minimum stress directions in the area. A 100-level three-component array tool was used to record the 3D vertical seismic profile (VSP) using a vibroseis source (Dutta et al., 2010). The initial processing of the dataset was revised using new processing flows, including a new application of statics and common image point (CIP) tomography, to optimize 3D VSP imaging. Maximum and minimum stress directions were determined by further analysis of the VSP data. The improved image and stress information provided a valuable aid to reservoir interpretation in the area. © 2012 SEG.

Abstract

Identification and interpretation of fractures, bed boundaries, and borehole breakout from high-resolution images plays a crucial role in optimizing completion design. In low-angle wells drilled with oil-based mud (OBM), images may be acquired using wireline. However, using wireline has been a challenge when inclinations exceed 45°, making logging-while-drilling (LWD) acquisition preferable. This paper presents the first use of a 4¾-in. ultrasonic LWD service to provide high-resolution images to assess fractures in the Marrat formation in North Kuwait. This paper presents LWD log data and high-resolution acoustic amplitude images used to evaluate carbonates within the Middle and Lower Marrat formations and describes their input into the design of the completion program. The 4¾-in. ultrasonic imaging tool was placed within a complex bottomhole assembly (BHA) composed of density and neutron porosity, acoustic, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) sensors. The methodology used to create h

Abstract

The Cretaceous (Albian) Upper Burgan Formation has been on production for circa 60 years in the Raudhatain and Sabiriyah fields in North Kuwait and significant resources remain. Key to an optimized development of this important reservoir is the introduction of Slant Well technology incorporating the use of sliding sleeve completions. The Upper Burgan Formation in the Raudhatain Field consists of four major sand dominated layers that comprise the main producing zones. These likely represent high stand deposits that formed during a progradation of the delta system across the region. Separating the sand layers are non-reservoir mudrocks that were deposited in marginal marine settings and act as baffles or barriers to fluid flow. In order to maximize production from the Upper Burgan, KOC has instigated the use of high angle slant well technology which allows greater reservoir contact at the well bore for each sand layer. As well, all four layers are in contact with the well bore thereby ma

Abstract

Real-time electric submersible pump (ESP) surveillance is becoming a standard in the oil industry, and many successful cases of applying 24/7 monitoring have been recorded around the world. Kuwait has more than 1,300 ESP installations, with the majority containing both downhole and surface sensors along with SCADA connectivity. Real-time surveillance is a relatively new concept in Kuwait because previous attempts were unsuccessful due to complications in the implementation. For the current application, it was necessary to set up the process without incurring additional costs and additional workforce. These challenges limited the process and application of real-time surveillance in Kuwait. Because increasing the workload with the same manpower risks loss in quality of implementation, it was necessary to improve the productivity of surveillance activities to cover more wells with the same workforce. The method of applying alarms was modified to speed up access and updates. Displays were

Abstract

Intelligent digital oilfield (iDOF) operations include the transfer, monitoring, visualization, analysis, and interpretation of real-time data. Enabling this process requires a significant investment to upgrade surface, subsurface, and well instrumentation and also the installation of a sophisticated infrastructure for data transmission and visualization. Once upgraded, the system is then capable of transferring massive quantities of data, converting it into real information at the right time. The transformation of raw data into information is achieved through intelligent, automated work processes, which are referred to here as "smart flows." Smart flows assist engineers in their daily well surveillance activities, helping make them more productive and improve decision making. A major oil and gas operator in the Middle East has invested in such an infrastructure and is developing a set of smart flows for key activities and workflows for its production operations, with the ultimate goal

Abstract

Developing the necessary skills in the oil and gas workforce has always been a challenge for operating companies, as each individual needs not only knowledge in their specific discipline but also sufficient understanding of the interfaces to other parts of the business. The challenge is higher for specialized areas of application, like Heavy Oil. This paper will present our insights and learnings in the process of shaping skilled profiles needed to handle heavy oil developments, grounded on our experience in Kuwait Oil Company (KOC), with a focus on subsurface profiles. To further support the development of its heavy oil resources, KOC signed a 10-year Enhanced Technical Services Agreement (ETSA) with Shell in December 2016, in which a key driver is the enhancement of KOC staff technical competencies. Within this framework, KOC and Shell jointly created a capabilities-development program for Heavy Oil staff, encompassing discipline-driven coaching, on-the-job training, attachments, min

Abstract

Deep HP-HT sour carbonate reservoirs in Northern Kuwait have varied matrix properties and fracture intensities. The wells are drilled with barite laden OBM with 1,000-2,000 psi overbalance. The intervals suffer substantial formation damage during drilling as is evident from the fact that the wells normally do not get activated, in spite of creating an underbalance of 5,000-6,000 psi by displacing mud with a lighter fluid. During the early exploration phase of these reservoirs, long and/or multiple intervals were perforated and treated with conventional matrix stimulation using 28% retarded/ emulsified acid in stages with chemical diverter (gel based and visco-elastic surfactant based). Post stimulation PLT survey in these wells indicated, that only about 5-10% of the total perforated interval contributed to the production; concluding that the diverters were found to be ineffective leading to sub-optimal reservoir management due to poor zonal contribution. As part of strategic reservoir

Abstract

Organic petrography and geochemical analyses of 72 core samples from the Minagish Formation revealed vertical variations in oil composition between four wells from the Burgan, Maqwa, Minagish and Umm-Gudair fields. The Burgan Field has a homogeneous oil column while variations in oil column were recognized between fields. The thickest heavy oil column, 46 m, was identified in Minagish Field. GC and GC-MS of the light and intermediate parts of the oil indicates a similar oil type, with a common oil pool in all of the oil fields. Thus, the variation in the nature and distribution of the heavy fractions of the oil in the Minagish reservoir is not be related to the source rock, expulsion and/or oil migration, but related to changes that occurred after or during oil accumulation in the reservoir. The methods and the results of this study are useful for planning drilling specially in reservoirs with heavy oil intervals such as the Minagish reservoir. © 2015.

Abstract

Raman spectroscopy has been applied in numerous sedimentary formations to infer thermal maturity of mostly Type-II kerogen in organic-rich mudrocks. Robust correlations have been established between the Raman spectroscopic signal and vitrinite reflectance equivalents (%VRE) of the organic matter. Herein, traditional evaluation methods, organic petrography and geochemistry, were applied in addition to Raman spectroscopy, to study the prolific source rocks of the Najmah and Makhul Formations in Kuwait. The elemental analysis of isolated kerogen provided insight into the kerogen type and likely classified samples from these two formations as kerogen Type II-S. The standard organic petrography maturity and geochemistry parameters were correlated to the spectroscopy derived Raman band separation (RBS) values. This allowed to further validate our previously established thermal maturity correlation (RBS vs %VRE with R2 = 0.80) and generate a new geochemistry-related correlation of RBS vs hydr

Abstract

The Najmah formation of Jurassic age has been tested and found to be a prolific source-rock as well as a producer of gas, condensate and light oil in different wells discovered from various fields of North Kuwait. The challenges of this unconventional reservoir are its dual porosity nature and its relation to the flow controlling system in view of very low porosity and the dependency on natural fracture network system as flowing mechanism. The drill stem test (DST) results at some wells were quite successful without any stimulation, while at other wells the DSTs were unsuccessful in spite of advanced and repeated stimulations, thus categorizing the Najmah as a geologically-complex, naturally-fractured tight gas and condensate reservoir. Pressure transient analysis and flow regime interpretation of the successfully run Drill Stem Tested (DST) wells confirm the dual porosity flow-system and the fractured nature of the reservoir. In this paper, the authors will point out the relationship

Abstract

This article aims at examining the impact of electronic human resource management practices on organisational learning capabilities in commercial banks in Jordan. Workers at commercial banks have been chosen to be the population of this study, and due to their large number, only 400 participants were taken as a random sample. SPSS was used to analyse the data that was collected to achieve the study's objectives. Results showed that there is a statistical significant impact of the electronic human resources management practices on organisational learning capabilities in commercial banks working in Jordan. The adaption of these electronic human resource management practices on the ground, in any sector in Jordan, is highly recommended, which will reflect positive results regarding the organisational learning capabilities. Copyright © 2020 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Abstract

A shallow unconventional heavy oil reservoir in Kuwait is primarily an unconsolidated sandstone reservoir with intervening cemented siltstone and sandstone, and thin shale layers. The process and relative timing of cementation in the reservoir played a key role in fluid distribution as the pore-filling cements originated prior to oil migration. Moreover, oil migration into the cemented zones was prevented by the presence of cement. This paper presents a study based on over 100 logs and 10 conventional cores in north of the reservoir. Detailed core analysis including petrography, XRD and SEM studies were considered understand the origin of cement, diagenesis and role in fluid distribution. In terms of origin and diagenesis, three types of cements were identified namely Calcite, Dolomite, and Argillaceous. Calcite and Dolomitic cements are admixture of calcium carbonate and calcium-magnesium carbonate with argillaceous components. Argillaceous cement is dominated by illite-montmorillonit

Abstract

This is a quantitative and qualitative study for the first time linking surface with subsurface geology to understand the occurrence and origin of enigmatic sand injectite outcrops in two sites within the Bahrah coastal plain area, northern Kuwait Bay. Field work observations and aerial photography were used to describe and characterize the surface geology and stratigraphy of the study area. Thirty-one rock samples were obtained for petrographical, fluid inclusions and strontium isotopes analyses. 3D seismic data were also used to assess the subsurface geology of the area. The petrography and microthermometry of fluid inclusions were used to understand the origin of fluids and gases associated with the formation of these sand injectites. We found that these surface geological features represent surface manifestation of subsurface geological and biological activities/processes. Therefore, we proposed a near-surface complex focused fluid injection mechanism/model responsible for the form

Abstract

This is a qualitative assessment study to understand origin controlling lateral/geographic and vertical/stratigrahic heterogeneity of Radhuma (Palaeocene) and Tayarat (Maastrichian) Formation heavy oil reservoirs in the Burgan Field in south Kuwait. Data from oil analyses, including physical properties, bulk chemical composition, sulphur content, molecular chemical composition, and carbon and sulphur isotopes, were used to characterise the different oils in the reservoirs. Geochemical fingerprinting and characterisation suggest that the key impact on compositional heterogeneity has been the mixing of some petroleum—by the addition of lighter oil to extra-heavy oil. Therefore, the proposed complex filling history model for the Radhuma and Tayarat reservoirs consists of six episodes: two oil entrapments and four thermochemical sulphate reduction (TSR) fluid pulses. Finally, it is postulated that lighter fresh charge oils in the Burgan Field were sourced upward from deeper reservoirs asso

Abstract

[No abstract available]

Abstract

Estimates of reservoir properties such as porosity, TOC content, clay content, fluid saturation, and fracture intensity are required for understanding unconventional reservoirs. The porosity and TOC content help to explain the reservoir quality; natural fracture intensity provides information important to the completion strategy. In this case study, an orthotropic rock physics model integrating well and core data was established. This study assumes a vertical transverse isotropic (VTI) kerogen-rich layer, containing swarms of aligned vertical fractures. Prestack orthotropic AVAZ inversion results were used to predict porosity, TOC, fracture density, and fracture orientation using this rock model. © 2016 SEG.

Abstract

Ovarian fibroma usually misdiagnosed preoperatively as uterine leiomyoma. A 36-year-old woman, presented with abdominal pain and vomiting, provisionally diagnosed as complicated ovarian cyst. The transvaginal ultrasound and Doppler showed left solid adnexal mass with preserved ovarian blood flow. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a well-defined solid mass in the left side of the pelvis, measuring 8 cm × 10 cm most probably subserous uterine leiomyoma. At laparotomy, the solid ovarian mass was originating from the left ovary, and the microscopic examination confirmed the diagnosis of the ovarian fibroma. This report represents the preoperative misdiagnosis of the ovarian fibromas and the conservative ovarian surgery for the ovarian fibromas and the importance of the follow-up for future fertility and/or recurrence of the fibromas in young women. © 2020 Gynecology and Minimally Invasive Therapy.All rights reserved.

Abstract

Background and objectives Exposure to environmental hazards will destroy a number of ovarian primordial follicles, reduce ovarian reserve and subsequent reproductive ability. This study designed to evaluate ovarian parameters and ovarian blood flow of women living in the area of environmental crisis Shalkar city (Kazakhstan) compared to women living in Aktobe city (Kazakhstan). Patients and methods 220 women in their reproductive age studied and classified into two groups; study (Shalkar) group and control (Aktobe) group. Blood sample taken from studied women during follicular phase (day 3) for hormonal level evaluation including; follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH). Studied women evaluated using trans-vaginal ultrasound (TVS) to detect antral follicle count (AFC) during follicular scan and ovarian volume (OV), ovarian blood flow (OBF) using pulsatility index (PI) during follicular scan and luteal scan. Results Both ovaries A

Abstract

All good equipment & system designs include certain margins to deliver operational flexibility, mechanical integrity and high availability under unforeseen variations in operating conditions. However, the adequacy & veracity of these margins has long been an issue of discussion. Project facility design goes through many cycles of reviews & updating during which, margins are added resulting in equipment or facilities that are difficult and expensive to operate & maintain. Reasons for over-design include working in silos, incorrect input-data, inappropriate simulation correlations and/or assumptions, non-linear incremental cost for upsizing, large project-cycle-time, lack of precedence, avoiding penalties etc. and last but not least, regional culture. This paper discusses the problems & root-causes associated with over-design, its evolution through various project stages & possible opportunities to limit over-design in up-stream oil & gas industry through real-life examples. This philoso

Abstract

Objectives/Scope:: Downhole fluid sampling of high quality, low contaminated oil samples with a pumpout wireline formation tester (PWFT) in a shallow unconsolidated reservoir with high H2S, high water salinity and filled with viscous oil is a quite challenging operation. Key properties, related to fluid flow in low pressure reservoirs: formation mechanical weakness, drilling invasion and the high contrast on fluid mobility, have resulted in the failure or impracticality of conventional methods for efficient sampling, resulting in a long sampling time causing high rig cost overhead and often highly contaminated oil samples. Most common problems faced during sampling are: i. Sand production- causing caving and lost seals and no pressure or samples. ii. Sand plugging of the tool flowline. iii. Operation limitation of pressure drawdown- dictated by extremely low formation pressure and mainly due to having saturated pressure around 20 to 30 psia below formation initial pressure (based on 11

Abstract

Real-time multi-lateral wellbore positioning of horizontal wells for improved reservoir deliverability has been a revolutionary breakthrough worldwide. It has supported the efficient production of hydrocarbons from multiple thin layers within a reservoir to yield maximum recovery and to restrict water coning. Recent advances in real-time geosteering now enable, with even greater precision, successful targeting of "sweet spots" within a reservoir. These advances have the capability to open still more drainage volume for recovery of hydrocarbons. Through successful teamwork from multidisciplinary professionals, numerous uncertainties and challenges were overcome using real-time geosteering techniques in conjunction with advanced logging-while-drilling (LWD) sensors and instrumented rotary steerable systems in Kuwait Oil Company's Magwa field. For this purpose, pre-well modeling, real-time geosteering, advanced LWD sensors, including azimuthal deep resistivity (ADR™) sensor, an azimuthal

Abstract

Background. Overweight and obesity are considered major risk factors for many diseases, and their prevalence is known to be high in Kuwait from previous studies. Aim. To assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity and related risk factors among Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) employees. Method. A cross-sectional study of full-time KOC employees was carried out using a structured questionnaire that was completed during periodic medical examinations. The questionnaire included demographic details, frequency and duration of physical activity, history of chronic diseases and medication. All participants were counselled and examined. Blood pressure, body mass index and fasting glucose were recorded. Results. Some 3282 out of 3900 employees completed the study; 85% of participants were male, 62% were field workers and 38% were office workers. The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity among KOC employees was 75%. Males showed a higher level of overweight and obesity (79%) than females (56

Abstract

Uncertainty in permeability and in-situ water saturation values could be a challenge in a Tight Gas Sandstone (TGS) reservoir characterization. Implementing a new workflow based on Saturation Height Modelling (SHM) and using capillary pressure curves and well logs from 10 different wells in 4 different giant basins of western U.S. TGS reservoirs as the input data, this uncertainty has been reduced considerably. After applying some initial corrections and grouping the curves based on the corresponding cores sorting, size and texture, five SHM methods have been applied to each group. Using regression methods, the function of each model has been rewritten based on the cores petrophysical properties. A water saturation profile has been calculated for each well by entering its porosity and permeability logs and also Height Above Free Water Level (HAFWL) in rewritten functions. Using Standard Error of Estimate (SEE) analysis, the best SHM method has been recognized. Finally, precise permeabi

Abstract

Deep wells drilled in Kuwait indicate that the Permian reservoirs may have gaseous hydrocarbon potential. Greater depth of occurrence and poor imaging of the Paleozoic sequences in seismic are the main deterrents in pursuing the potential leads further. Recently 2D seismic data were analyzed by integrating with drilled well data using seismic sequence stratigraphic approach. It resulted in identification of paleobasin architecture of Kuwait. Further, many potential features such as buried structures, alluvial fans and channel-levy systems have also been identified. A detailed evaluation of 3D data in South Kuwait shows possible presence of carbonate reefs, talus and grain flow deposits within the Permian Khuff. Remnant channel features brought out in seismic attributes beneath KhuffFormation indicate severe erosion due to Hercynian orogeny. © 2014 SEG.

Abstract

Deep wells drilled in Kuwait indicate that the Permian reservoirs may have gaseous hydrocarbon potential. Greater depth of occurrence and poor imaging of the Paleozoic sequences in seismic are the main deterrents in pursuing the potential leads further. Recently 2D seismic data were analyzed by integrating with drilled well data using seismic sequence stratigraphic approach. It resulted in identification of paleobasin architecture of Kuwait. Further, many potential features such as buried structures, alluvial fans and channel-levy systems have also been identified. A detailed evaluation of 3D data in South Kuwait shows possible presence of carbonate reefs, talus and grain flow deposits within the Permian Khuff. Remnant channel features brought out in seismic attributes beneath Khuff Formation indicate severe erosion due to Hercynian orogeny. © 2014 SEG

Abstract

Sea water contains sulfate and formation water contains barium and strontium, if the sea water injected in oil fields reservoirs then the result is the potential for significant barium and strontium sulfate scaling and deposit & possible of reservoir souring due to SRB, s activity. Scale deposition is a common problem in sea water injection systems, the type and severity of scaling varying between fields. Sulfate scale formation is one of the most critical problems encountered in oil and gas industries daily activity and operations, the only effective way to avoid sulfate scale is to prevent it from forming. To prevent barium /strontium sulfate from forming and minimizing the potential of scale formation and associated well work over and squeeze treatment costs, Sulfate most therefore be selectively removed from sea water before being subjected to injection. A pilot plant CPP-NF (Compressed Phase Precipitation & Nano Filtration) testing was thus conducted to primarily and sufficiently

Abstract

The development of North Kuwait Jurassic gas assets has strategic importance for Kuwait's production strategy as the only non-associated gas-producing field in Kuwait. This paper demonstrates the benefits, challenges and lessons learned of the recent paradigm shift in Jurassic tight gas wells' completion strategy from cemented liner to multi-stage completion. Successful expansion of Multi-Stage Completion (MSC) technology is achieved at the field level led by the integrated team efforts in 2020/21, despite challenging constraints of COVID-19. MSC's help to enhance overall well production potential, overcome reservoir and intervention operation challenges, and allow early production delivery, which is a key factor to achieve a strategic asset production target of 70-80% by 2024/25. Many technical and logistic challenges were experienced during first installations of which the relevant learnings will be shared in this paper. The Jurassic gas asset produces mainly from deep high pressure

Abstract

The energy of reservoirs gets depleted as production continues. The restoration of reservoir energy involves injection of gas and/or water to support reservoir pressure and to provide a sweeping mechanism. Owing to the unfavorable mobility ratio, gas injection alone results in early breakthrough and poor sweep efficiency. Water and gas might be injected alternatively or together to improve the sweep efficiency. These processes improve the sweep efficiency by stabilizing the displacement front. In this article, a reservoir simulation tool was used to study a new design of simultaneous injection process, in which water is injected at the top of the reservoir and gas is injected at the bottom. The difference in water and gas densities provides a sweeping mechanism in which water tends to sweep hydrocarbons downward and gas tends to sweep the hydrocarbons upward. It is expected that the two displacement mechanisms will work to enhance the overall sweep efficiency. The effects of several de

Abstract

The natural energy of hydrocarbon reservoirs gets depleted as production continues. The restoration of reservoir energy involves the injection of gas and/or water to support reservoir pressure and to provide a sweeping mechanism. Due to the unfavorable gas-oil mobility ratio, gas injection alone often results in early breakthrough and thus poor sweep efficiency. Water and gas might be injected alternatively, as in water-alternating-gas (WAG) processes, or together, as in simultaneous water-alternating-gas (SWAG) processes, to improve the sweep efficiency. These processes improve the sweep efficiency by stabilizing the displacement front. In this paper, we study a new design of SWAG process, in which water is injected at the top of the reservoir and gas is injected at the bottom. The difference in water and gas densities provides a sweeping mechanism in which water tends to sweep hydrocarbons downward and the gas tend to sweep the hydrocarbons upward. It is expected that the two displac

Abstract

In the current challenging global oil and gas market, operators strive to minimize cost-per-foot (CPF) through drilling optimization and the introduction of next-generation tools to maximize return-oninvestment. In response, service companies seek game-changing solutions to enhance operators' drilling operations. A cross-functional optimization team was chartered to enhance rate of penetration (ROP) in development drilling Kuwait's prolific Burgan field. The team developed a polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) drill bit design with 25mm (1 in.) PDC cutters -presently the largest diameter commercial cutter in the industry. This paper presents the outstanding field results that were achieved with the 25mm cutter bit design. The analytical and experimental processes used in the development of the bit design will be described, and the operational results and resulting savings will be presented and compared to the established field benchmark. The geology of the 12 1/4in. intermediate sect

Abstract

Laboratory perforation tests were conducted shooting into target formation core at downhole-matching conditions in order to select the best perforating system for optimized production in a viscous oil-saturated, unconsolidated sandstone reservoir. Along with determining depth of penetration, the need was to find the optimal casing hole size for cyclic steam stimulation, requiring smaller holes for effective steam distribution, and holes large enough for minimal velocity during the production cycle. The first step was to process the crude oil-saturated, unconsolidated sandstone cores taken from the target zone to enable their use with minimal disturbance. Once the cores were prepared such that specific field stress and pore pressure could be applied, shaped-charge perforators were shot to determine resultant hole-entry sizes and depths of penetration. Besides investigating casing hole size which regulates the flow-velocity/drawdown-pressure relationship, other insight gained was underst

Abstract

Constructing the 12 1/4″ direction hole section through approximately 3000ft of difficult interbedded lithologies (Mutriba-Lower Burgan) in northern Kuwait presents a number of distinct challenges. In the upper portion of the hole section, a PDC bit must penetrate medium to hard carbonate and shale formations with compressive strength ranging betwee kpsi 9-12 with peaks up to 30kpsi. Next, a challenging abrasive sand with compressive strength between 6-9kpsi requires an RSS/PDC assembly to reach TD. The operator experimented with several different bit designs attempting to efficiently achieve directional objectives and improve borehole quality with limited success. Issues with baseline designs included lack of cutting structure durability and low ROP. To accomplish the operator's objectives, the engineering team analyzed all relevant offset data and concluded an existing 12 1/4″ six-bladed bit with 16-mm cutters would serve as the starting point for an optimization effort. The bit's de

Abstract

[No abstract available]

Abstract

Mount Girnar is one of the most conspicuous alkaline complexes (gabbro-diorite-syenite-lamprophyre), which intrude some of the earliest erupted basalts (ca. 69 Myr) of the Deccan Large Igneous Province (Deccan LIP) in the Kathiawar plateau of NW India. Petrography, bulk-rock geochemistry, Sr and Nd isotopes and 40Ar/39Ar mineral ages of fractionated (Mg#: 36.3–43.6) lamprophyre dykes (younger intrusives) are reported from two widely separated domains from Mt. Girnar. Petrography and mineral chemistry reveal that major mineral assemblages (pargasite and kaersutite varieties of amphibole, diopside, biotite and feldspar) in the lamprophyres are pristine and devoid of alteration. The lamprophyres belong to the alkaline variety in general and the camptonite - monchiquite series in particular. The bulk-rock major and trace elements of the Girnar lamprophyres display very good correlation with each other and also with those of associated rocks (syenites, diorites and gabbros) which support th

Abstract

Objectives/Scope: The shallow depth unconventional reservoir in Northern Kuwait is essentially a monoclinal structure. Sediments have undergone significant shallow depth diagenesis, which resulted in selective oil/water accumulation, controlled mainly by lithological variations. Thus, the reservoir can be classified as stratigraphic-dominant trap. A correlation approach required addressing these variations, which can also be well understood by non-geologist, and the scheme should be appropriate for selection of perforation intervals. Methods, Procedures, Process: Reservoir sands are in the form of multi-stacked distributary/fluvial channels. Subsequent to sediment deposition, moderate to intense diagenesis took place. The diagenesis resulted in formation of cemented baffles under low reservoir pressure (250psi) regime. For demarcation of bed boundaries, mapping and modelling purpose the reservoir sand, shale, baffles, gas, water, water above oil, this petrofacies classification method