Abstract

Corneal neovascularization is a determinant of corneal graft survival and preservation of immune privilege after keratoplasty. We report the outcomes in 2 patients with failed corneal grafts who underwent mitomy-cin C (MMC) intravascular chemoembolization (MICE) in the affected eye. A 30-year-old woman with failed penetrating keratoplasty (PK) in the right eye was started on prednisolone acetate eyedrops. Graft sutures were removed, and bevacizumab was injected subconjunctivally. The eye remained intermittently painful, and MICE was performed on the main feeding vessel, with regression of the vessels apparent within the first day following the procedure. The second case was a 40-year-old man who had a history of repaired penetrating injury in the left eye followed by failed PK. Prednisolone acetate eyedrops were initi-ated, and corneal sutures were removed. The patient failed to improve with three subconjunctival injections of bevacizumab. MICE was performed, but in this case neovascul

Abstract

This paper discusses a case study regarding a stuck pig in a non-metallic pipeline used for effluent water service. The line was pigged and half way through the operation, the pig got stuck in the pipeline. The exact location of the pig was not known and huge sludge volume was recovered at the receiving station. Several attempts were made to release the stuck pig; these attempts were constrained by the nature of the nonmetallic pipeline and its design. Through collaboration with the downstream section of Kuwait Oil Company, we were able to free the stuck pig and continue the pigging operation. Ideas that were considered and implemented to free the pig will be shared and the method chosen and implemented. Copyright © 2014 by ASME.

Abstract

Most of the wells in Sabriya Field (Northern Kuwait) produce from reservoirs, where multiple layers are opened to production. Problems related to non-desired water production are drastically affecting the oil production, and have been an ongoing concern. The exclusion of this water represents a challenging task by itself especially in case of multiple zones interval simultaneously producing, and where completion of the wells restricts considerably the convoyed down-hole tools configuration This paper covers water shut off case history of an oil producer that has shown according to the production data an increasing water production figures. The nature of water problem and the fact that the targeted section is located in-between multiple oil producer zones revealed the necessity of a complex thru tubing zonal isolation solution before performing the water shut-off treatment. Temporary coiled tubing conveyed straddle system was created using two thru tubing inflatable packers, isolating t

Abstract

A lOMW PV (Photo Voltaic) plant, synchronized with grid, connected to a distribution substation that feeds power to electrical submersible pumps in oil field is chosen for grid system studies. Studies such as Load Flow study, Short Circuit study, Transient Stability study, Harmonics study, Relay setting studies were carried out as part of the PV installation proj ect to verify technical feasibility of PV plant operation and to identify technical issues related to grid synchronism. The study incorporates the specific requirements of utility undertaking for grid operation. Results of various system studies are listed in the conclusions. From the studies, in general it appeared that Load Flow, Short Circuit and Transient stability, Relay coordination studies did not pose any electrical risks. Harmonics related measurements will have to be carried out after commissioning to check and confirm the validity of results of harmonic model of the grid study. ©2016 IEEE.

Abstract

Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) had major issues in resolving problems of controlling water production from long strings in dual 9-5/8″ completion wells. An economic process of zonal isolation was being investigated by the Company since conventional process of mobilizing a work over rig is expensive and would also result in loss of production from the short string of the well during the workoverjob. Many technologies through tubing had been tried earlier but did not succeed in positive isolation on a consistent basis. This was a technology challenge presented to Research and Technology Group for identification of a suitable technology. On review of various technologies, it was decided to pilot trial HIP plug from a service provider in one of the dual completion well of KOC. The pilot trial was planned to test functionality and integrity of the plugging process in isolating the bottom zones of the wells by intervening thru tubing. This paper would exemplify KOC's new technology identification

Abstract

An integrated study has been conducted to build a reservoir management tool to evaluate feasibility of enhancing the production and maintaining the plateau rate long for the Umm Gudair field, a large carbonate reservoir located in Kuwait and the Partitioned Neutral Zone. A comprehensive data gathering campaign was made during initial phase of infill drilling and an appreciable volume of rock and fluid data were obtained which assisted the geoscientists and engineer in developing an improved static and dynamic model. Copyright 2007, International Petroleum Technology Conference.

Abstract

Thanks to the evolution of the technology and techniques to characterize organic rich shales, various options are available to perform a petrophysical evaluation, ranging from the most basic to the most complex, advanced ones. A robust petrophysical model is critical for the accuracy of the reservoir characterization; therefore, obtaining a reliable petrophysical analysis based on well logging data that can also support reservoir modeling and early wellsite decisions, was a key objective for this well drilled in an unconventional reservoir in the Burgan Field. For these reasons, technologically advanced logging services like Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Nuclear Spectroscopy, along with conventional ones, including Spectral Gamma Ray, were logged in this well. The problem, then, is connecting all the valuable information obtained from different sources to define a petrophysical model. Are all sources reaching the same conclusion? This study aims to find how these different technologie

Abstract

Geosciences data vary in a wide spectrum of types/attributes (hundred thousands of data classes) in extra huge volumes (Hundreds of PB's and ZB's) with the complexity of the format/media and versions in addition to the dissemination in different DB's/applications. The current exponential data growth rate 'DGR' is >100 PB just in a couple of years. Managing and validating such data is a challenge and complex. The concept of validation through the integration triangle (Technology, People & Best Practices) has been implemented in our project to close the data validation gaps and to eliminate the conventional data issues that represents a hindrance in the interpretation that badly affects the decision time and effectiveness. We used a standard queries and scripts for data mining/analysis to highlight the gaps, duplication/redundancy, inconsistency, incomplete record or attribute, conflict, typing mistakes, naming issues, nonstandard records and any other data issues. The best industry stan

Abstract

Mitral annulus calcification is a common incidental finding in echocardiography examination of predisposed populations. On the other hand, caseous calcification of the mitral annulus is a rare variant that challenges the physician to differentiate it from different causes of cardiac masses. We describe a case of incidentally discovered caseous calcification confirmed with CT cardiac and cardiac magnetic resonance. © EFIM 2023 - European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine.

Abstract

The complexity of drilling highly deviated wells in Kuwait drives the need for step changing in the well construction mindset, where severe to complete loss of circulation in Shuaiba formation significantly deteriorate the shale layers in Wara and Burgan formations leading to uncontrolled wellbore stability events. Casing while drilling (CWD) and two-stage cementing with a light density cement slurry were introduced as a technology system to drill the highly deviated complex wells through unstable and highly fractured formations. Fit for purpose engineering processes, advanced software solutions, a tailored bit and a bottom hole assembly dynamically simulated for drilling stability and directional tendency behavior were designed. A special light density cement slurry with high compressive strength was also designed to tackle the lost circulation issues when cementing the casing string. The paper will describe how the technologies can work as one system to solve complicated wellbore pro

Abstract

[No abstract available]

Abstract

With the price of oil dwindling, Kuwait Oil Company has undertaken an endeavor to optimize cost and time savings. Therefore, Corporate Projects III of Ahmadi Projects Group, in its efforts to meet the new cost saving directives, has utilized Building Information Modeling (BIM) for its new upcoming projects. As is well known, most projects suffer from time and cost overrun due to inappropriate cost estimates and design changes during construction phase. For instance, there are escalating cost complications in one of the team’s projects due to clashes and design changes during the construction stage. The architecture, electrical, and construction industry has been undergoing a major transition from a 2D-paper-based linear process to a 3D collaborative digital approach with BIM. BIM is a result of an evolution of the virtual design and construction (VDC) technology. Hence, as pressure intensifies, the team needs to be more agile and innovative to avoid the predicament above. The BIM proce

Abstract

A major numerical modelling project was performed with the objectives of develop a more robust model for development planning studies. The second was to gain a better understanding of "reservoir dynamics", in particular aquifer influx, the lateral pressure distribution and gross fluid movement within the major reservoirs of the Wara–Burgan sequence and the flow between them. The challenges and implemented solutions of history matching a reservoir model of a huge, complex field with multiple production zones, many wells and large volumes of production and surveillance data are described in the context of a recently completed study of Wara–Burgan reservoir in the giant Greater Burgan field. Additional challenges due to possible mechanical problems in wells and uncertainties in production and injection data, as usually experienced in mature fields, are also discussed. The work started with reviews of basic engineering data, previous simulation studies and the regional geology. It was the

Abstract

North Kuwait Jurassic Complex consists of 6 fields with 4 major reservoirs. Total of 19 integrated reservoir models incorporating seismic, geological, petrophysical, and engineering data have been constructed to delineate the reservoirs and perform multi-scenario production forecast for the whole field. These models are dual porosity, with near critical fluids of gas condensate and volatile oil. There are different challenges to model the whole fields that can be summarized as follows. First, the two main producing reservoirs among all fields are (RA) and (SA) which account for about 40% of the hydrocarbon in place. These two fields show existence of different free water levels (FWL) along the areal extension of both fields without any evidence of compartmentalization based on pressure data. Second, all the asset is producing towards one common facility where some fields are gas condensate and some other is volatile oil. Third, modeling the fields using compositional simulator with dua

Abstract

Appraisal of deep unconventional reservoirs through horizontal and high angle drilling campaign in North Kuwait Jurassic Fields requires the knowledge of in-situ stress regime, particularly orientation and magnitudes, to provide optimized solution for safe drilling and completion designs. A comprehensive geomechanical analysis i.e. broader geomechanical framework of the overburden section and a detailed geomechanical characterization at the reservoir targets for drainhole section, for the best possible orientations and stability parameters during drilling and completion is a key for the fields with sparse vertical and deviated wells control and short production history. This paper outlines the integrated approach adopted and discusses the challenges and uncertainties in the reservoir geomechanical modelling and characterization. Interpretation of caliper data and borehole images are used to determine the stress direction for vertical and near vertical wells. The minimum stress and maxi

Abstract

The Burgan Sands constitute the major reservoir in the giant Greater Burgan field. The Upper Burgan Sands contain significant volumes of oil, several billions of barrels, and have generally poorer and more variable reservoir quality and poorer continuity than the bulk of the Burgan sequence. Secondary water flooding is currently under consideration. This paper describes the challenges in developing part field models that are appropriate for waterflood simulation studies and that are, as far as is practicable, conditioned to the available dynamic data. The general approach to choosing type areas to represent typical portions of the field will be described. The process of developing geo-cellular models and conditioning them to dynamic data will then be illustrated. The existing geological and simulation models are considered too coarse to provide a proper basis for modelling the Upper Burgan. The extent to which this resolution has allowed geological models to be conditioned to dynamic d

Abstract

Kuwait Oil Company initiatives for ushering in a new era of digital transformation of its assets to intelligently and optimally manage the Oil and Gas fields were successfully realized with the completion of three pilot projects entitled Kuwait Integrated Digital Fields (KwIDF). This paper discusses major achievements of the Digital Oilfield technology implemented in Burgan KwIDF project and provides an insight on the challenges in operating it. The Burgan KwIDF pilot successfully transformed GC-1 production asset into a fully instrumented DOF comprising of digital instruments and infrastructure installed at well site and the production facility. Realtime production data is transmitted to a state of the art collaboration center that integrates data continuously with automated workflows for validation, modeling and tuning of well and facility models. Right time decision support information generated from smart visualization tools allow quick actions for production optimization, well and

Abstract

Testing and completing deep reservoir in the state of Kuwait is challenging due to high contrast in formation pressure over the 4,000 feet section (13,500 ft to 17,500 ft). Recently, a new structure located in the North-Western part of Kuwait area was drilled and tested with deep drilling rig. Formations in this deep structure have very low porosity and permeability with naturally fractured reservoir. During short term testing, wells produced oil and gas with unexpectedly very high H2S(20%-35%), the highest H2S content in any reservoir so far discovered in the state of Kuwait. Since the reservoir was rated as HPHT and sour, it was a challenging experience to test all the wells safely and successfully. Unfavorable conditions such as high pressure, high temperature, high H2S and CO2 content require special equipment, tools and treatment to test and complete exploratory wells. The targeted formations were perforated using deep penetration Tubing Conveyed Perforating (TCP) guns, stimulated

Abstract

Oil fields with aquifer or with water injection support is considered to yield more in terms of oil recovery. But this water which helps in maintaining the reservoir pressure and improves the sweep, causes serious problem in oil fields in operational, environmental and economic front. There is no unique solution to improve recovery with reduced water so it is prudent to strike and balance between the water production and manage the produced water. Umm Gudair Field, a prolific oil producer of WK, is under final development stage. Minagish Oolite limestone is the main reservoir and is producing nearly 225,000 BOPD under bottom water drive mechanism. The current reservoir pressure is sub-hydrostatic and sustained production is maintained by electrical submersible pumps (ESP). High pressure drawdown resulted in increase in water production. Hence, water conformance became important in early stage of field production. Efforts were made to manage water production by maintaining a balance bet

Abstract

The objective of this paper is to present the methodology adopted to overcome challenges faced during sampling and characterization of heavy oil in deep exploratory wells. As a part of exploration activities, two exploratory wells had been successfully drilled and tested in deeper low permeability Lower Cretaceous reservoirs. Drill Stem Test (DST) technique is adopted to test all exploratory wells for collecting production, surface and bottom-hole pressure and temperature data and collection of fluid samples for fluid characterization. As the wells are tested with retrievable packer, coiled tubing (CT) is required during activation and stimulation operations due to absence of other lifting methods. In this case study wells, coiled tubing was lowered and the well was lifted continuously with nitrogen for clean-up and to assess production behavior as there was no self-flow. Surface samples have been checked to assess contamination with diesel used for underbalance operations. Continuous

Abstract

Objectives/Scope: Unconventional organic-rich carbonaceous shale (OCS) in North Kuwait has unique characteristics due to its high total organic content (12-14%), its complex mineralogy (blend of carbonates and clastics) and Jurassic/post-Jurassic complex burial and tectonic history. The OCS is under/over-laid by tight carbonates, where the system permeability is in the range of nano to micro-Darcy. Conventional techniques to initiate flow from this complex reservoir have proven ineffective, which led the appraisal team to develop novel and extensive workflows to characterize the formation properties for successful hydraulic fracturing and to determine the commercial flow potential of hydrocarbons. Methods, Procedures, Process: Three vertical wells were identified as the high potential candidates in the appraisal program, prior to the completion of horizontals in this complex formation. A comprehensive logging suite was acquired which included spectroscopy, sonic and image logs. Fractur

Abstract

This paper presents an overview of efforts in building a fracture model for reservoir characterization of Najmah-Sargelu Formation in Dharif-Abduliyah Field in FracaFlowTM. The impact of lithology on fracture occurrence was quantified based on rock-typing and distributed in a 3D geological model using a high resolution sequence stratigraphic framework. It was found that diffuse fractures are generally associated with cleaner limestone units and thin limestone beds were found to be more fractured than thick beds. Altogether, four sets of diffuse fractures were identified: NNE-SSW and NW-SE, E-W and NNW-SSE; fracture densities range from 1.08 frac/ft to 0.13 frac/ft. Breakout analysis evidenced local variation of the stress field orientation probably due to the local effect of faults. Stress analysis revealed that fractures are not at critically stress state (hence are not in the point of being reactivated). Dharif field most of fractured lineaments are parallel to the main N-S oriented

Abstract

This is the first of two papers which describe a comprehensive multidisciplinary effort toward reservoir characterization in the Greater Burgan field. In early 1995 a team of geologists and engineers began reviewing and evaluating Greater Burgan data in order to build an integrated reservoir model. This paper describes the interpreted depositional history of the Burgan formation, relates water encroachment in the reservoir to the stratigraphic architecture, and discuss the potential for oil migration between the main reservoir units. © Copyright 1998, Society of Petroleum Engineers, Inc.

Abstract

This is the second of two papers which describe a comprehensive multi-discipline effort toward characterizing the Burgan formation of Greater Burgan field in Kuwait, as a necessary precursor toward effective reservoir management. This level of foundation-building work toward characterizing Burgan stratigraphy, rock properties, fluid properties, and fluid distributions had not previously been undertaken during the prior fifty years of reservoir exploitation. However, during the late 1980s, water production became an issue. Then, as a result of the sabotage of Greater Burgan field during the Gulf War, the reservoir experienced a period of uncontrolled production during the blowouts of 1991. Subsequently, a concerted effort has been made to understand and characterize this huge reservoir. This paper, Part 2, describes the evaluation of petrophysical data and heavy oil (tar) distributions, and the resulting understanding of movable oil within the formation. The paper also addresses issues

Abstract

The Burgan sands Formation is one of the main reservoirs of Greater Burgan field in Kuwait, producing under primary depletion since the late 1940s. Massive sands reservoirs (Lower Burgan BGSL2 and Middle Burgan BGSM) interpreted as deposited in fluvio-tidal depositional environments, alternate with lower quality and muddy interbedded sandstones (Lower Burgan BGSL1 and Upper Burgan BGSU), deposited in tidal-influenced delta settings. The complex reservoir architecture of these sand reservoirs is dependent of the sinuosity and complexity of the channel system but also on the lateral extend and distribution of the muddy deposits that will create heterogeneities and barrier to flow. In the context of future development plans of the Burgan reservoirs, the Burgan Subsurface Team implemented a workflow to identify the main barriers to flow at the interface between the massive and the lower net-to-gross reservoirs. This workflow combines geological (cores), petrophysical (Rock-Types, conventio

Abstract

A number of heavy oil or tar accumulations have been reported in several Middle East reservoirs. Heavy oil is often overlooked as a resource because of the expense and technical challenges associated with producing it. But more than 6 trillion barrels of oil in place attributed to the heaviest hydrocarbon. Most of the conventional onshore hydrocarbon reservoirs have been depleted, and time of easy hydrocarbon is over; so, it is prudent to look into the unconventional reservoirs like heavy oil. An accurate evaluation and characterization is obviously crucial to its efficient exploitation. The evaluation and characterization of heavy oil depends on its identification, quantification, analysis of representative fluid sample and reservoir properties. The methods proposed in the literature might be successful in identifying heavy oil reservoirs but are less reliable for quantifying the amount of heavy oil, and are insensitive to oil viscosity, the key property that controls the producibilit

Abstract

The Hith and Gotnia Formations comprising of alternating halite and anhydrite plus limestone intervals traditionally considered as regional seals for lower Jurassic hydrocarbon bearing reservoirs. Sharp contrast in lithology of halite-anhydrite and high pressure in interbedded limestone layers make this formation extremely challenging to drill and evaluate. Casing is set immediately after drilling, limiting open hole data acquisition. Due to complex lithology and low porosity, a comprehensive acquisition and interpretation methodology was required to further characterize and assess the potential of this formation. A single mass spectrometer combined with a dynamic oil base mud discriminator was used during drilling. The OBM isolates and quantifies formation fluids from drilling fluid and aids in better characterization of fluid in reservoir matrix. Comparison of oil signatures in the three zones reveals a decrease in fluid density from top to bottom. The difference in fluid density for

Abstract

Reservoir data generated in the laboratory is often deceptive due to unwarranted sampling errors. Sometimes, it is not possible to sample from a representative rock type, if the size of the rock framework or pore body is bigger than the 1.5” core plug size. Error may also be introduced in case of multiple rock types at the lamina scale being combined within a plug sample. Multi-scale imaging through X-Ray tomography is a good solution to these problems. CT image statistical parameters like - mean lightness (L values) and standard deviation of mean lightness (STDEV) in combination with wireline logs (NPHI) can successfully be used to classify different rock and pore types within a heterogeneous core. Hydraulic conductivity simulations can lead to decipher connectivity of pores within it. Plug samples from representative rock types can subsequently be used for producing high-resolution, multi-scale 2D and 3D images. Numerical simulations are performed on these images to generate petrophy

Abstract

Modern exploration requires an integrated approach wherein disparate pieces of information from different disciplines need to be integrated toward the estimation of reservoir properties and facies of interest especially when the reservoir thickness is very thin. The final hydrocarbon production depends on the porosity, permeability, fluid saturation and the extent and thickness of the reservoir. The first step was to calibrate well data to the seismic attributes, namely amplitude and impedance. The cause of the very low Acoustic Impedance (AI) is analyzed with the fault attributes. The automatic seismic facies analysis is used to classify similar seismic traces based on amplitude, phase, frequency and other seismic attributes. This Neural network facies classification was then used to extract and quantify multi-attribute patterns for sweet spot identification. © 2014 SEG.

Abstract

Modern exploration requires an integrated approach wherein disparate pieces of information from different disciplines need to be integrated toward the estimation of reservoir properties and facies of interest especially when the reservoir thickness is very thin. The final hydrocarbon production depends on the porosity, permeability, fluid saturation and the extent and thickness of the reservoir. The first step was to calibrate well data to the seismic attributes, namely amplitude and impedance. The cause of the very low Acoustic Impedance (AI) is analyzed with the fault attributes. The automatic seismic facies analysis is used to classify similar seismic traces based on amplitude, phase, frequency and other seismic attributes. This Neural network facies classification was then used to extract and quantify multiattribute patterns for sweet spot identification. © 2014 SEG.

Abstract

To unlock Mishrif reservoir potential in West Kuwait, a new development strategy involving analysis with Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) and downhole intervention with instrumented coiled tubing (Active CT) followed by high-rate stimulation by bull-heading has been applied to the tight carbonate formation. The goal was to find a cost-effective stimulation strategy that would increase the number of productive wells through an integrated production enhancement project approach. The operation encountered various challenges, primarily driven by a high-permeability areas across the open hole, which was detected by DTS. Modifications were made to the CT stimulation procedure, including diversion techniques such as high-pressure jetting, dual injection and the pumping of a near-wellbore fully degradable diverter composed of a customized blend of multimodal particles and degradable fibers to temporarily isolate the highly permeable streaks. Real-time downhole telemetry had a paramount im

Abstract

Fractured reservoirs are challenging to handle because of their high level of heterogeneity. In particular, natural fractures have a significant impact on well performance and water production. Therefore, understanding their significance through fracture characterization is helpful in well placement and field development. This paper presents a best practice methodology for building a 3D stochastic fracture model using a Middle Eastern tight carbonate field example. This model is generated through the analysis and integration of data including cores, borehole images (BHI), logs, mud losses, production logs, well test data and 3D seismic data. The impact of lithology on fracture occurrence was quantified based on rock-typing. Rock-types are distributed in a 3D geological model using a high resolution sequence stratigraphic framework. The length, dip angle and orientation of fractures, together with the shale content of the facies where they occur, were defined to sort the tectonic fractu

Abstract

The target Formation is of Middle Miocene age in North Kuwait area. This is a shallow reservoir with depths ranging from 600ft to 800ft. The task of identification and characterization of this reservoir is very challenging because the seismic data were acquired for evaluating the deeper targets. In view of this limitation, an integrated approach had been adopted in relating the seismic data with hydrocarbon indications in wells and subsequent correlation through a combination of seismic attributes as well as waveform classification. A suitable geologic model has been postulated with seismic and well analysis which has resulted in identifying a target area for reservoir characterization. The integrated approach has validated the crucial role of seismic attributes, seismic facies analysis through waveform classification in defining reservoir geometry and hydrocarbon charging in this area with correlation to well data. The study has established that systematic workflow adopted through int

Abstract

The target Formation is of Middle Miocene age in North Kuwait area. This is a shallow reservoir with depths ranging from 600ft to 800ft. The task of identification and characterization of this reservoir is very challenging because the seismic data were acquired for evaluating the deeper targets. In view of this limitation, an integrated approach had been adopted in relating the seismic data with hydrocarbon indications in wells and subsequent correlation through a combination of seismic attributes as well as waveform classification. A suitable geologic model has been postulated with seismic and well analysis which has resulted in identifying a target area for reservoir characterization. The integrated approach has validated the crucial role of seismic attributes, seismic facies analysis through waveform classification in defining reservoir geometry and hydrocarbon charging in this area with correlation to well data. The study has established that systematic workflow adopted through int

Abstract

This paper describes recent results from an ongoing geochemical study of the supergiant Greater Burgan field, Kuwait. Oil occurs in a number of vertically separated reservoirs including the Cretaceous Third Burgan, Fourth Burgan, Mauddud, and Wara. The Third and Fourth Burgan sands are the most important producing reservoirs. Over 100 oils representing all major producing reservoirs have been analyzed using oil fingerprinting as the principal method, but also supported by gravity and sulfur measurements. From a reservoir management perspective, an important feature of the field is the approximately 1, 200-ft long hydrocarbon column which extends across the Burgan reservoirs. Oil compositions vary with depth in this thick oil column. For example, oil gravity varies in a nonlinear fashion from about 10 °API near the oil-water contact to about 39 °API at the shallowest Wara reservoir. This gravity-depth relationship makes identification of reservoir compartments solely from fluid property

Abstract

Conventional analysis on core plugs from unconsolidated heavy oil sands is challenging to perform. Sometimes doubts exist about whether the results are representative of the in-situ rock fabric. A digital rock pilot study was designed to provide unique data to understand the rock and allow independent verification of laboratory data, such as calculated petrophysical properties, characterization of damage associated with coring and preservation, direct imaging of oil distribution and pore-wall wettability, and characterization of pore types, clays, grains and grain contacts. The pilot study presents successful cryogenic helical X-ray micro-computed tomography (microCT) of preserved plugs maintained in the frozen state throughout the imaging process. Those 3D images were processed to calculate porosity and absolute permeability. Direct imaging of oil distribution by 3D microCT, with X-ray contrasting agents to highlight the oil with complementary characterization of pore-wall wettability

Abstract

Water conformance is a common challenge in oilfield industry especially in water flood and active water drive reservoirs where water production has a significant impact on production economics, oil recovery and facilities constraints. Water shut-off (WSO) is an essential solution to delay or minimize water production however effectiveness depends on treatment efficiency. This abstract will demonstrate extensive mechanical and chemical WSO experience in horizontal drilled wells completed with passive Inflow Control Devices (ICD) completions, with case histories from North Kuwait giant water aquifer reservoir. The main challenge during water conformance treatment is the proper diagnosis and the full understanding of the water flow profile; accurately identify the water source as well as reservoir understanding will help selecting the efficient WSO mechanism, which is crucial for a sound decision making considering the associated cost and the operational complications. Understanding reser

Abstract

Chemical EOR (CEOR) can be economic in a low-price environment, but it requires economic insights be integrated into the initial reservoir screening, laboratory and numerical simulation evaluations, and continued review through field implementation. The CEOR economic evaluation for the Sabriyah Lower Burgan (SALB) using this integrated process found that surfactant-polymer and alkaline-surfactant-polymer flood had different economic potentials due to different oil recoveries, facility costs, and operating costs. Initial reservoir screening of the SLAB indicated that LoSal and CO2, flooding might also have economic potential. Laboratory corefloods injecting field proportioned volumes of chemical solutions using dead oil and reservoir rock resulted in chemical cost average $3.12 per incremental barrel of oil for alkaline-surfactant-polymer formulations and $18.61 for surfactant-polymer formulations. Live oil corefloods for corresponding chemical formulations cost per incremental barrel e

Abstract

North Kuwait has vision to increase oil production from its major reservoir and it is planned to be achieved by covering the major reservoirs under the umbrella of enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Sabiriyah Lower Burgan (SALB) is the biggest sandstone reservoir in Sabiriyah field with high permeability and strong aquifer support. Paper describes steps planned from present development strategy of simply infill drilling to EOR to improve the production scenario in future. Primary recovery from reservoirs like SALB are expected to be good. Performance of the reservoir especially rise in water cut of SALB was analyzed which suggested that though primary recovery would be good but will take longer time to achieve. EOR screening was performed and suitable EOR methods were evaluated using mechanistic model. Screening considered target oil, water quality, permeability, oil viscosity, temperature, aquifer and injection capacity. Lab experiments were performed for the identified EOR processes and mo

Abstract

A regular 5-spot Alkaline Surfactant Polymer (ASP) pilot is planned for a giant carbonate reservoir in Kuwait where a suitable formulation compatible with harsh salinity and temperature conditions was developed. However, it is vital to address uncertainties introduced through historical development schemes that are not necessarily compatible with original EOR plans. This paper sheds light on the importance of incorporating water flooding data and learnings to optimize the design of subsequent EOR deployment. An integrated workflow was adopted involving acquisition and analysis of relevant surveillance data to establish a solid understanding of water flooding preceding EOR deployment. The considered surveillance data covered pressure responses, rates, a variety of passive tracers, injection step rate tests followed by fall off tests, production/injection logs, high precision temperature logs, spectral noise logs and water injection into reservoir cores. The extent of thermal and reservo

Abstract

Application of chemical treatments has become an essential part of everyday oilfield operations, to achieve specific objectives, minimize production problems, reduce production costs and achieve product specifications. Also, many process equipment performance and reliability problems can be solved economically by proper selection and application of chemical treatment practices. For instance, the corrosion problems that can be solved by changing metallurgy, reducing velocity, changing process conditions, removing corrosives upstream, can credibly be prevented by using corrosion inhibitors. With increasing oil production, rising water cuts, H2S related issues and increased effluent water injection & disposal, the oilfield operating conditions are becoming more stringent, entailing the projects to be engineered with higher projected life. Also, with growing HSE concerns and compliance with environmental regulations, application of varied chemical treatments have become inevitable. Project

Abstract

Background: Functional food ingredients, such as dietary fiber, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, and high-quality protein, have been shown to help control blood glucose concentration and lower high blood pressure (BP), as well as improving other cardiovascular disease risk factors. However, little research has assessed the impacts of consuming chia seeds, which are rich in these nutrients, on metabolic and physiological outcomes, and results are conflicting. Aim: The study aimed to investigate the possible effects of chia seeds on fasting blood glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, BP, lipid profile, body weight, and the inflammatory marker – high-sensitivity C-reactive protein – in people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Methods: Adults with T2DM (n = 42) were randomly assigned equally to the chia seed group, which consumed 40 g/day chia seeds for 12 weeks, or a control group, which did not consume any supplement. Blood samples were collected at baseline and after a 12-week interv

Abstract

For the Miocene Lower Fars reservoir in South Ratqa field of North Kuwait, a large investment has been made acquiring cores to accurately quantify rock properties. This paper will review the derivation of the five most commonly used methodologies for estimating volume of shale (Vsh) and clay volume (Vcl), discuss three iterations of Vsh and Vcl estimates for this reservoir, and show how core-derived Vsh and Vcl indicators were used to define three different cases for effective porosity (PHIE) in probabilistic volume estimation. Simplistic approaches for estimating Vsh and Vcl from gamma ray (GR) logs and confusion between what is Vcl and what is Vsh can lead to significant underestimation of PHIE and net sand. During a reservoir study of the Lower Fars heavy oil deposit, use was made of core visible shale descriptions, X-ray diffraction (XRD), petrography, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and granulometric data to calibrate Vsh and Vcl estimates to rock-based ground truth data. As b

Abstract

Aim of the study: To detect the clinical and pathological features of women with adnexal masses (AMs) admitted as emergency cases to the Gynaecology Department of West Kazakhstan University. Material and methods: A retrospective analysis of the data of women with AMs admitted as an emergency cases to the Gynaecology Department of West Kazakhstan University. The collected data include: age, age of menarche and age of menopause, presenting symptoms, admission criteria - either self-referral or refereed from another department, ultrasound findings, associated pregnancy, associated pathology of the female genital tract, and post-operative histological results of surgically excised AMs (gold standard). Results: 77.04% (245/318) of the studied AMs were found in the reproductive age group. The main causes for surgical intervention for the studied AMs was ruptured ovarian cyst in 27.1% or adnexal torsion in 9.7%. The available histological results of the surgically managed AMs showed the follo

Abstract

Sabriyah and Raudhatain are the main fields producing from the Middle Marrat Jurassic formation in North Kuwait with approximately 5 km distance between the two fields. Raudhatain fluid is considered as Volatile Oil, while Sabriyah is described as Gas-condensate. 16 PVT samples from Raudhatain were analyzed and described as Volatile oil. 12 PVT samples taken from Sabriyah field where 7 samples show gas condensate behavior and rest shows volatile oil. A key challenge in understanding the Sabriyah fluid characterization is the fact that 5 well samples that showed Volatile oil behavior are not separated from the Gas condensate wells by any apparent barrier. In addition, the initial reservoir pressure is much higher than the saturation pressure, preventing the equilibrium of those fluids. The objectives for this study are to analyze the physical explanation of coexistent of oil and gas-Condensate in one communicated reservoir with reservoir pressure higher than saturation pressure, apply d

Abstract

Placement and drilling new wells is currently one of the main challenges in the mature fields, especially when we are trying to manage the reservoirs carefully and insure that we are not abusing the subsurface with our actions. Day by day the smart integration and combination of different source of data can be the solution to this concern and can open the door infront of new opportunities hidden beneath the surface. The Burgan oil field is the main producer and contributing the most to the economy of Kuwait country. Hence continuously we are looking after the best approach to ensure better development to the field. Currently we stepped away from our comfort zone and placed big number of wells in the risky part of the filed. Different source of data such seismic attributes, geological and reservoir data were integrated to insure successful well placement. Genetic inversion one of the important tool we used to map the sand in the heterogeneous part of the field. Subsequently all the loca

Abstract

In close collaboration with the operator, third party suppliers and the integrated drilling service contractor the first Integrated Drilling Project in Kuwait started in March 2016. The project is being treated as a pilot to assess the value integration can bring to the operator by providing the expertise, new technology and processes for managing drilling risks and improving performance. The project scope includes the provision of all services, engineering and supervision for the well construction process under a lump sum model. The project had an original target start date of June 2016, a year after the contract award. However, in the current challenging oil and gas industry environment, coupled with the operator's ambitious plans to increase oil production, the requirement for drilling more wells to provide the necessary increase in oil output meant that an early start would help in accelerating oil production from the Sabriyah and Raudhatain fields. From the onset, the target was s

Abstract

Located in Kuwait, the maturing Middle Marrat formation in the Raudhatain field faces many challenges, some of which are sustaining hydrocarbon production, efficient post-fracturing formation cleanup, and well flowback operations because of reservoir depletion. A functional solution to these challenges was achieved by implementing one of the first trials in Kuwait for a fully energized acid fracturing technique using enhanced stimulation fluids. The main challenges of stimulation in this depleted reservoir are the need for extended post-fracturing formation cleanup and the nitrogen lifting needed to unload the injected treatment fluids. This leads to higher operational costs due to additional intervention and the subsequent prolonging of the time until the wells are put on production. To tackle these challenges, high-retained-permeability acid fracturing fluids foamed with carbon dioxide were considered in the treatment design. The main benefits of energizing fracturing fluids using ca

Abstract

This study presents an approach to exploit full potentials of a production logging run. In the proposed methodology, we seek layer flow contributions, reservoir parameter estimation, and well-performance optimization, in one logging operation. In particular, we match the entire wellbore pressure, temperature, and density profiles using a fully transient wellbore/reservoir simulator. In the proposed approach, perturbations can be created either from static or dynamic well condition. New formulations for these initial conditions for multirate tests with non-Darcy skin are presented. Field examples illustrate the notion presented in this work. © Copyright 1998, Society of Petroleum Engineers, Inc.

Abstract

[No abstract available]