Abstract

Pulsed neutron capture logs are excellent in picking up the oil-water contact in a sandstone reservoir if the porosity is reasonably good and formation water salinity is high. PNC logs have been used in this study done in a sector of a large Middle Cretaceous clastic reservoir in Kuwait having a long production history of more than 60 years. The wells have rich collection of time lapse PNC logs recorded at regular intervals. The oil water contact obtained from these logs were integrated and interpolated to track the movement of the oil water interface of the reservoir through time. Seven time planes, 1992, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010 and 2012, were identified for this study. Initially the data points were picked up in those time planes where there were PNC logs indicating exact position of the contact. There were 131 actual log based data points having high confidence level. In the next phase those contacts were interpolated in other wells by correlation taking into account the geolog

Abstract

Five continents represent a great sport festival on Earth after every four years which results into a successful event like Olympic! Can we imagine Olympic without participation by one continent, certainly no. The same is true for industry also, doesn't so? Recruitment, Selection, Screening, Hiring, Human Resources, and various functions like Operations, Production, Technical, Sales, Marketing and Safety must go hands in hands to achieve status of truly successful organization. Infact a strong chain like Olympic symbol is a must for achieving vision of success! It is important to highlight on this aspect as recruitment can't be done in isolation. Human Resources should consider as a strategic partner of Management Business Objectives in any organization. Why the need to write something on issue related to Human Resources by a person from technical background! Lets us have a look on some facts through this paper. Author has experienced how faulty recruitment process can result into a co

Abstract

A case of prolapsed ileum through a tear in the rectal wall, passing through the anal canal, after a blunt injury to the abdomen in a child is presented. The cause and management of the condition are discussed. © 1976.

Abstract

Ninety-four children consecutively admitted to the hospital between January 1980 and December 1982 with their first febrile convulsion (FC) were studied to assess the influence of the degree of pyrexia on the recurrence rate of FC. Thirty-eight of sixty-three children between 6 and 18 months of age (the peak incidence of FC) with fever above 40°C were almost seven times less likely to have subsequent convulsions with fever, than those whose initial febrile convulsion was associated with a lower degree of pyrexia. It is suggested that the degree of pyrexia is a factor that influences the recurrence of FC. This may explain why some children have a reduced frequency of subsequent FC compared with others who appear to be at comparable risk. © 1986, Sage Publications. All rights reserved.

Abstract

Acute pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) is considered the third most frequent acute cardiovascular syndrome behind myocardial infarction and stroke, with annual incidence rates ranging from 39 to 115 per 100,000 people and ranking high among the causes of cardiovascular mortality. High-risk PTE is characterised by haemodynamic instability and encompasses clinical manifestations such as cardiac arrest, obstructive shock and persistent hypotension. The European Society of Cardiology (ESC) recommends a reperfusion strategy with systemic thrombolytic therapy for high-risk PTE under class I, level B if there are no contraindications. Overall, unsuccessful thrombolytic therapy and recurrent PTE have been reported in 8% of patients with high-risk PTE. The guidelines recommend surgical pulmonary embolectomy if thrombolysis is contraindicated or has failed. The position of repeated thrombolytic therapy as a treatment option in patients with recurrent high-risk PTE, especially in situations with a

Abstract

Traditionally, 12.25-in. hole sections in the Jurassic formations were planned to be drilled with mud weight (MW) of 20 ppg and solids content of 45%. The planned drilling would use a rotary assembly from the Hith formation, crossing several zones in which mud losses or gains were likely. The casing would then be set in the thin shale base of the Gotnia formation. A minor inaccuracy in casing setting depth could often lead to well-control issues. Pore pressure drops severely below the shale base and requires a MW of 15 ppg. Passing this shale base can lead to severe losses and potential abandonment of the well. An anhydrite marker is located approximately 50 ft above the shale base. To reduce risk, the operator would normally drill to this marker at a rate of penetration (ROP) of 20-30 ft/hr, then decrease the ROP to 2 ft/hr. While slowly drilling the last part of the section, penetration would be stopped every few feet to circulate bottoms-up to receive samples confirming the shale ba

Abstract

The Oil and Gas Gathering and Processing facilities at West Kuwait field of Kuwait Oil Compnay operates turbine driven multistage (LP/HP) centrifugal compressor for transportation of produced gas. The main challenge for these facilities is to operate it at lower production capacities at many instaces due to various reasons. The crude oil processing units of these facilities were able to operate smoothly for as low as 25% of design capacity. However, the turn down ratio for gas compressors was limited to 55%. This limitation was resulting in offloading of compressor and subsequent gas flaring when facility was operated at lower production rates. The main reason for compressor offload was availability of single Anti-surge control valve & control system to prevent surge and also to control capacity. This was limiting the lower operating range of compressor. The nonavailability of required High Pressure or Low Pressure Gas was resulting in frequent opening of Anti-surge valve which was off

Abstract

The Upper Burgan Reservoir located in west Kuwait is a diverse and intricate clastic reservoir, presenting challenges in well placement due to structural and sedimentological factors, as well as uncertainty regarding the Oil Water Contact (OWC) of the reservoir. To address these uncertainties a real-time resistivity inversion coupled with the near-bit-gamma ray and litho-density image interpretation were used to map remote conductive boundaries and to provide invaluable information on the reservoir structural architecture. A geo-navigation model was created using offset well gamma ray, resistivity, and bulk density measurements. The offset wells bulk density and resistivity measurements were further used as inputs in generating synthetic high-density images and forward resistivity inversion solutions along the planned well path trajectory. The resistivity inversion solutions provided a visualization of the logging while drilling (LWD) tool's simulated azimuthal resistivity curves at va

Abstract

[No abstract available]

Abstract

A new sequence-stratigraphic framework is proposed for the Burgan and Mauddud formations (Albian) of Kuwait, where together form two third-order composite sequences, the older of which constitutes the low-stand, transgressive, and high-stand sequence sets of the siliciclastic Burgan. subdivided into fifteen, high-frequency, depositional sequences, Overlain by Mauddud of sand-mud prone to the south and carbonate prone to the north with its transgressive and high-stand sequence sets, subdivided into eight, high-frequency, depositional sequences at time-transgressive contact with each other.

Abstract

Natural dumpflood injection is used for pressure maintenance in a good channel sand holding considerable reserves. The layer is on depletion drive with very weak aquifer support. Natural dumpflood injection was modeled based on success in a similar layer in an adjacent field. Due to the high mud weight used during drilling, the layer is usually damaged. Dumpflooding experience in the analogue field suggests that injection is initiated only after matrix acid stimulation. Therefore, it was not a surprise when the layer did not take in any water initially. However, once the usual stimulation attempts did not achieve the desired results, possible causes and alternates were evaluated. A comprehensive lab study was designed to assess all the potential problems associated with injection. Fluid-fluid interaction issues like scaling, possible formation of oil-in-water emulsion, fluid-rock interaction such as clay swelling, fine migration related to water incompatibility, all impacting efficienc

Abstract

Carbonate stimulations typically require formation-dissolving chemicals to eliminate near-wellbore damage by dissolving rock matrix or generating conductive channels such as wormholes to improve connectivity between the wellbore and the reservoir. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) has been a common choice for this purpose. However, commercially available emulsified acids, which contain acid droplets within a hydrocarbon phase, are preferred for acidifying carbonate at high temperatures. Nevertheless, these emulsified acids are usually highly viscous, leading to high friction pressure that cannot be mitigated by conventional friction reducers. In contrast, a more efficient single-phase retarded inorganic acid system (SPRIAS) was introduced to overcome these limitations. This paper presents a successful case study of SPRIAS's application in the oil and gas industry, particularly in high-temperature carbonate reservoirs. Advanced simulation software was used to model longer, intricate wormholes in

Abstract

Introduction: Growing interest has focused on the relation between chronic endometritis (CE) or asymptomatic inflammation of the endometrium and recurrent miscarriage (RM). The aim of the study was to assess the relation between CE and RM and the accuracy of hysteroscopy in diagnosing CE. Material and methods: One hundred and ten (110) women with unexplained RM were included in this study. Participants were subjected to diagnostic hysteroscopy for uterine cavity, and endometrium evaluation. The diagnosis of CE during hysteroscopic examination was based on CE-related hysteroscopic signs (micropolyps, stromal edema, and/or hyperemia). At the end of hysteroscopy, an endometrial biopsy was taken from participants for culture, and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Collected data were analyzed to assess the relation between CE and RM and the accuracy of hysteroscopy in diagnosing CE. Results: The prevalence of CE in women with RM was 31.8% using CE-related hysteroscopic signs, while it was

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the cervicovaginal fluid to diagnose subclinical chorioamnionitis and neonatal infection in patients with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). Methods: One hundred and twenty (120) pregnant women > 34 weeks, and < 37 weeks gestation with PPROM were included in this study. Patients included in this study were subjected to standard examination, trans-abdominal ultrasound, sterile speculum examination to detect amniotic fluid pooling through the cervical canal and for assessment of the IL-6 in the cervicovaginal secretions. After delivery, all neonates were examined for detection of neonatal infection and all placentae and membranes were histological examined for detection of chorioamnionitis. Results: The sensitivity & specificity of Interleukin-6 test to diagnose neonatal infection were 82.8% & 89.3%; respectively, while the Interleukin-6 test sensitivity & specificity to diagnose chorioamnionitis were 90.7% &

Abstract

Objective: To detect the relation between serum progesterone and viability of pregnancy during the first trimester. Methods: Two hundred and sixty women during the first trimester of their pregnancies were hospitalized due to vaginal bleeding and/or abdominal pain and were included in this study. Women included in this study were: sure of dates, conceived spontaneously with no history of infertility and had a positive serum pregnancy test. Blood samples were taken for women included in this study for serum progesterone assay, they were followed by ultrasound till the end of first trimester for the viability of the pregnancy and the outcome of their pregnancy were recorded. Results: By the end of the first trimester, women included in this study were classified into: viable pregnancy group (178 cases, 68.5%) and non-viable pregnancy group (ended by miscarriage) (82 cases, 31.5%). The mean serum progesterone of the studied population was significantly higher in viable pregnancy group (46

Abstract

This study was designed to detect the relation between serum progesterone and viability of pregnancy during the first trimester. Prospective study carried out in Al-Rashid Maternity and Ahmadi Kuwait oil company hospitals, over three years from February 2009 to February 2012. Two hundred and Sixty (260) pregnant women were hospitalized due to vaginal bleeding and/or abdominal pain during the first trimester of their pregnancies and were included in this study. Women included in this study were; sure of dates, conceived spontaneously with no history of infertility and had a positive serum pregnancy test. 2 ml blood samples were taken for women included in this study for serum progesterone assay. Women included in this study were followed by ultrasound for the viability of the pregnancy till the end of first trimester and the outcome of their pregnancy were recorded, while women with exogenous progesterone support or multiple pregnancies or suspected ectopic pregnancy or Hydatiform mole

Abstract

Objective: This study was designed to detect the relation between serum progesterone and viability of pregnancy during the first trimester. Material and Methods: Two hundred and sixty women during the first trimester of their pregnancies were hospitalised due to vaginal bleeding and/or abdominal pain and were included in this study. Criteria for inclusion in this study were: certain dates, foetus conceived spontaneously with no history of infertility and a positive serum pregnancy test. Blood samples were taken from women included in this study for serum progesterone assay; the patients were followed by ultrasound until the end of the first trimester for the viability of the pregnancy and the outcome of their pregnancy was recorded. Results: By the end of the first trimester, women included in this study were classified into: viable pregnancy group (n=178; 68.5%) and non-viable pregnancy group (ended by miscarriage) (n=82; 31.5%). The mean serum progesterone of the studied population w

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the relation between uterine killer (uK) cells and unexplained repeated miscarriage (RM). Material and Methods: Eighty women with unexplained repeated miscarriage and missed miscarriage of current pregnancy were studied. Fetal viability and gestational age of the current pregnancy were confirmed by ultrasound, followed by suction evacuation to collect abortion specimens and uterine wall curettage to collect decidua specimens. Abortion specimens were collected for long-term monolayer cell culture and subsequent chromosome analysis using conventional G-banding. Decidua specimens were subjected to immunohistochemical staining using monoclonal antibodies specific to CD56+ and CD16+ expressed by uK cells. Results: CD56+ CD16+ uK cells were found in 85% [68/80] of the studied decidua specimens of women with unexplained repeated miscarriage; 88.5% [54/61] had normal abortion karyotyping and 73.7% [14/19] had abnormal abortion karyotyping. Moreover, 73.75% [59/80] of the

Abstract

[No abstract available]

Abstract

The South Umm Gudair (SUG) field is located in the northwest corner of the Divided Zone (DZ) bordering Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. It represents the southern plunge of Umm Gudair field in Kuwait in the north. The field is producing from the Lower Cretaceous Ratawi Oolite reservoir that is capped by shale limestone sequences of the Ratawi Limestone. The field was discovered in 1966. There has been significant increase in the water cut throughout the field. The production data in the recent past has shown an increase in water production in a number of wells (50% to 80% water cut) and a resulting drop in oil production. The field was subjected to three different development phases. In each phase, the Oil Water Contact (OWC) was getting shallower with time. Production logs were run in several wells that indicated water encroachment in individual wells. The reservoir pressure has dropped considerably and all producing wells are completed with electrical submersible pumps. Efforts made to contr

Abstract

This paper provides a reference and guide to distinguish between various treatment technologies for contaminated sites in project management and engineering, technology development manners and in a controlled method. To understand the decision framework for technology selection, it is important to understand the general principles of applicable technologies for the remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated sites. One of the distinctive attributes of environmental technology is that the state-of-the-art continually changes. In this paper we are eliminating that (Site characterization and investigation) are the major elements in the technology selection process. The treatment technologies have been segregated into two major groups, which have also been sub-segregated in to three minor groups, and that of which have also have been segregated into various numbers of treatment technologies. This paper assists the remediation project panagers in the following; To develop and support

Abstract

The Automated Drilling Director, a software application for drilling automation, integrates a physics-based model of the drilling system with machine learning and optimization algorithms to project the well path, monitor collision risk, manage vibrations, and control steering in real time automatically. With "intelligent" rotary steerable systems (RSSs), these steering decisions can be downlinked directly to the tool, thus, fully closing the loop around steering decision-making. Implementation of the Automated Drilling Director within a remote drilling center (RDC) enables the drilling operations to be conducted remotely and effectively with less rig site personnel. The resulting decisions are consistent and reliable, while a team of subject matter experts (SMEs) monitor the operations to optimize well assets, ensuring that the pre-job design of service (DoS) is executed properly. The validation of this innovative technology and approach in Kuwait, amongst others, opens the door to a n

Abstract

Renewable power generation can help countries meet their sustainable development goals through provision of access to clean, secure, reliable and affordable energy. This energy has gone mainstream, accounting for the majority of capacity additions in power generation today. Tens of Giga watts of wind, hydropower and solar photovoltaic capacity are installed worldwide every year in a renewable energy market that is worth more than a hundred billion USD annually. Other renewable power technology markets are also emerging. Recent years have seen dramatic reductions in renewable energy technologies' costs as a result of R&D and accelerated deployment. International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) Member Countries have asked for better, objective cost data for renewable energy technologies. This aims to serve the need and its part of a set of reports on wind, biomass, hydropower, concentrating solar power and solar photovoltaic that address the current costs of these key renewable power tec

Abstract

Emergency Shutdown (ESD) valves play a vital role in meeting production and safety requirements in a process plant. On headers of a Gathering Center (GC), ESD valve assemblies are installed to protect the downstream processing equipment from over pressure, high level and other emergency conditions. ESD valves typically stay in open position for months or years awaiting a command signal to operate. Little attention is paid to these valves outside of scheduled turnarounds. The pressures of continuous production often stretch these intervals even longer. This leads to build up or corrosion on these valves that prevents them from moving. For safety critical applications, it must be ensured that the valves operate upon demand. The SIL-3 rated ESD valves complete with auto self-testing and acoustic leak detection are designed to operate upon demand. This paper discusses the enhancement of safety and integrity of the GCs following installation of new SIL-3 rated ESD valves in its headers. Kuw

Abstract

The main goals of the workshop were stated as understanding of new concepts, assessing their effectiveness against the challenges faced in industrial applications, and charting ways for future developments. The technical scope of the workshop was broadly defined, calling for research as well as case-study papers, with data examples from marine and onshore surveys, while retaining a strong emphasis on the relevance of technologies to Middle Eastern hydrocarbon oil fields. The keynote and invited presentations for this session were given by Eric Verschuur and Gerard Schuster, respectively. Verschuur outlined the joint migration-inversion process that combines full-wavefield migration and velocity inversion to account for high-order scattering and transmission effects. The presentations by Mahmoud Hedefa and Mohamed Mahgoub and subsequent discussions pointed out that to achieve success in practice, processing technologies need to be applied to suitably acquired and preconditioned data fol

Abstract

Kuwait's resources and reserves to date are characterized by giant, large, massive oil and gas fields located in onshore and offshore areas of Kuwait. These fields are under different stages of development like natural depletion, pressure maintenance and enhance oil recovery (EOR) processes. Over the years, huge amount of resources and reserves data has been accumulated from these fields. This has made Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) to re-evaluate its approaches towards management of these huge volumes of data efficiently. With passage of time, it has become more challenging to manage these reserves and resources volumes and promotions to meet company's growth strategies. Historically, KOC was managing its resources and reserves through a manual Reserves Management System (RMS) spreadsheets for tracking, archiving, monitoring, reporting and managing the resources and reserves. With time, RMS has become a very complex and involved process and it was felt necessary to introduce a new process a

Abstract

The Sabiriyah Tuba Reservoir has significant hydrocarbon resources in place with a high degree of reservoir rock and fluid heterogeneity. Until recently, it received marginal development attention, and was considered one of the 'Minor Reservoirs' of North Kuwait with limited opportunity for production enhancement. Improved reservoir Characterization and the development of a 3D Static model, together with Horizontal Completion technology have now opened up new opportunities for an accelerated development strategy. The Tuba formation represents a carbonate ramp with different lithofacies association from more proximal depositional setting to more distal environments. Even though the northern area of the field is represented by deeper facies, the reservoir quality shows comparable porosity and permeability trends. The porous and permeable aggradational and progradational carbonate of Upper &Lower Tuba respectively, constitute the main oil accumulations where reservoir quality is strongly

Abstract

The Middle Minagish (Minagish Oolite) of Berriasian-Valanginian age is oil bearing carbonate reservoir in the Minagish, Umm-Gudair and Burgan fields in Kuwait. This Formation was deposited in an overall eastward-prograding carbonate ramp setting. Spatial variation of lithofacies and reservoir quality such as porosity, permeability and saturation are mainly due to changes in the interplay of deposition, sedimentation and diagenesis within them. The challenge here is to establish a new play concept to ascertain the geometry & nature of reservoir properties in relation to depositional lithofacies in South-East Kuwait. In this study, a systematic approach has been adopted to integrate sedimentology, petrography, petrophysics, sequence stratigaphy and seismic amplitude & attributes to understand reservoir quality and distribution vis-a-vis depositional environment. Ten lithofacies were envisaged from core and petrophysical analysis, out of which peloidal, bioclastic and oolitic grainstone a

Abstract

Wara reservoir of Greater Burgan field is a heterogeneous shaly sand reservoir deposited in fluvio-deltaic environment. Modeling the changes in hydrocarbon saturation and water encroachment in Wara reservoir has been a great challenge due to a combination of factors like heterogeneity, multiple Oil Water Contacts and multiple Oil Gas Contacts etc. Understanding the water encroachment and monitoring zones of water breakthrough is a key for effective water flooding reservoir management. Pulsed neutron capture (PNC) logs are commonly used for formation evaluation behind casing and to assess time-lapse variations of hydrocarbon saturations. Systematic time-lapse PNC logging can give a detailed description of hydrocarbon saturation changes in response to injection and production operations during water flooding. This paper addresses the workflow that has been utilized to create a 3D static model of Water encroachment using flags that characterize the swept and partially swept zones in the r

Abstract

Development of the Najmah reservoir is totally dependent on recognizing naturally fractured areas with high TOC content and higher brittleness index. The reservoir section is immediately below thick layers of alternating salts and anhydrite, and the seismic data within the reservoir interval suffers from multiple contamination. This study involves rock physics modeling to identify sweet spots within Najmah and Marrat formations. Rock physics modeling suggests that the seismic variation is most affected by pore geometry. A low Vp/Vs ratio correlates with high porosity, low pore aspect ratio and high brittleness index. The higher organic richness of the kerogen layer correlates with lower acoustic impedance. Seismic analysis depicts that multiple fracture sets exist in the area. The brittleness index is calculated from pre-stack simultaneous inversion results and is used to identify “sweet spots” for potential future reservoir development. The seismic analysis results are confirmed by im

Abstract

Development of the Najmah reservoir is totally dependent on recognizing naturally fractured areas with high TOC content and higher brittleness index. The reservoir section is immediately below thick layers of alternating salts and anhydrite, and the seismic data within the reservoir interval suffers from multiple contamination. This study involves rock physics modeling to identify sweet spots within Najmah and Marrat formations. Rock physics modeling suggests that the seismic variation is most affected by pore geometry. A low Vp/Vs ratio correlates with high porosity, low pore aspect ratio and high brittleness index. The higher organic richness of the kerogen layer correlates with lower acoustic impedance. Seismic analysis depicts that multiple fracture sets exist in the area. The brittleness index is calculated from pre-stack simultaneous inversion results and is used to identify “sweet spots” for potential future reservoir development. The seismic analysis results are confirmed by im

Abstract

A regional study of the Burgan formation has been carried out over the North Kuwait Fields to understand the variation in depositional environment, oil occurrence and control of trapping mechanism on the quality of oil. The Burgan Formation in North Kuwait comprises fluvial, deltaic and marine sediments deposited during the Lower Albian period in response to global changes in sea level. There is a systematic gradation of depositional environments in Burgan during this period. Oil entrapment in this formation shows regional variation. Both stratigraphic and structural controls on oil accumulation are dominant in the region. The oil quality becomes heavier towards North and has a strong structural control. Significant volume of inplace oil has been estimated during this study which would be pursued for commercial exploitation of this deep heavy oil reservoir. Burgan clastic sedimentation over Shuaiba carbonates was initiated by a regional fall in sealevel and establishment of a deltaic s

Abstract

Whole cores provide important and high-quality information about mineralogy, rock fabric and texture, porosity, saturations, geomechanical properties, facies stacking patterns, depositional environment, and fracture networks that often cannot be discerned with much certainty using other subsurface data sets. Here we present results from the detailed digital sedimentologic descriptions of three whole cores in West Kuwait that capture portions of the Middle/Upper Jurassic Najmah Formation, an important source rock and unconventional reservoir. The integration of detailed digital core descriptions with high-resolution XRF scanning of the cores, high-density routine core analysis and petrographic (thin section, epifluorescent, fracture-focused, and SEM) data, and a combination of XRD mineralogy and organic petrology provide the opportunity to evaluate multiple reservoir quality indicators across several depositional and diagenetic facies. Linking diagnostic indicators to specific facies (a

Abstract

Interference testing although primitive in terms of its introduction and idea to the petroleum industry, still stands to this day as one of the most cost effective and efficient ways of establishing communication between wells and determining the reservoir transmissibility in the region. This paper discusses the methodology and results obtained from a four month pressure data acquisition campaign for a transient interference test performed in a carbonate reservoir known as Marrat, in the Giant Burgan field of Kuwait. The Marrat long term interference test was conducted around a water injector pilot with distances as far as 0.9 km at the subsurface locations between the injector and producer wells. Therefore, the interference test was used to evaluate the transmissibility between the injector and the nearby observation wells. The producer wells were shut-in for the entire length of the test so as not to create any disturbances that could hinder the interpretation processes. After conduc

Abstract

[No abstract available]

Abstract

The mid-Cretaceous Mauddud Formation is the main producing carbonate reservoir in the Raudhatain and Sabiriyah fields of northern Kuwait. Historical field information and results from waterflood pilots indicate that reservoir performance in these reservoirs is controlled by geological complexity at several scales. A detailed, integrated sedimentological and biostratigraphic investigation of the reservoirs, combined with dynamic reservoir data, have provided an understanding of Mauddud reservoir heterogeneity and of the principle controls on reservoir matrix behaviour. The largely carbonate Mauddud Formation overlies the Upper Burgan Member, a thick succession of fluvio-deltaic deposits, and consists of a diverse suite of carbonate facies deposited in low to high-energy, shallow-marine ramp settings. The basal part of the reservoir comprises mixed carbonate and siliciclastic sediments and reflects the establishment of a carbonatedominated regime during waning supply of Burgan siliciclas

Abstract

Representative reservoir fluid sampling & characterization has become increasingly important, as the exploration activities are moving into the ever-challenging environment around the world. Proper sampling and understanding of the fluid characteristics have become very critical, especially, when dealing with high-risk and marginally economic fields. With a timely and reliable characterization, unnecessary investments can be avoided. Unfortunately, with an unreliable characterization, an economic opportunity may not be pursued. Even worse, an un-economic opportunity may be pursued. This seminar presents and discusses ways to capture representative reservoir fluid samples and a new fluid characterization technology that can be deployed on-site in the early stages of the exploration and development cycle. We demonstrate the applicability of new surface analysis techniques that allow for rapid, accurate, and reliable measurements of key fluid properties, such as saturation pressure, gas-o

Abstract

The Jurassic carbonate reservoirs in Kuwait have undergone significant pressure depletion (up to 4,000 - 5,000 psi) and in some areas even they experienced increase in pore pressure. Asset team plans to develop these reservoirs with more horizontal/multilateral wells in order to increase reservoir contact and there by productivity and reservoir recovery. However, drilling and deepening infill development wells in this area have become challenging due to considerable uneven differential depletion across the field. Unprecedented drilling complications including mud-loss, formation inflow, and differential sticking are observed. Noticeably, at least two wells showed reservoir pressure increase. Geomechanical evaluation is targeted (1) to provide geomechanical solutions to maximize drilling success through minimizing mechanical wellbore instabilities for newly planned (infill) wells; and (2) to evaluate stress sensitivity of the field-wide natural fracture and fault network so as to unders

Abstract

Reservoir Management Technical Limit (RMTL) process is a structured, facilitated documented process at which multi-disciplinary reservoir sub-surface team and selected third party expert review the depletion plan for a reservoir. The review team works systematically through the issues faced in reservoir management and identifying reserve growth opportunities, right up to its technical limit. The opportunities are benchmarked against analogues, and an efficiency factor analysis is performed to check the reasonableness of the opportunities and the technical limit. The intention is to: a) Determine if there are gaps in the reservoir management activities (Development Plan, Reservoir Operating plan, Surveillance Plan etc) which could affect the long term production profile of the company. b) Explore and articulate the risks and uncertainties associated with each phase of development. C) Determine if the long term potential is fully understood. This includes understanding the "technical lim

Abstract

Based on studies of petrographic thin sections from core and cutting samples, the pre-Permian siliciclastics in four deep wells in southern Kuwait were found to be tight. Three of these wells are located on the crestal region of the Burgan Arch, and one on the Umm Gudair anticline. These clastics were encountered beneath a thin brick-red shale of unknown thickness, immediately below the pre-Khuff unconformity at the base of the Permian-Triassic Khuff Formation. The pre-Khuff clastics range in thickness from a few tens of feet to more than 4,000 ft, and overlie a Proterozoic argillite (Economic Basement). Based on Illite Age Analysis (IAA) of samples from cores, the depositional K-Ar age of the pre-Khuff clastics is estimated to be younger than 509 Ma (90 percent confidence interval: 544-481 Ma, i.e. Cambrian-Early Ordovician). The argillite was uplifted through the 300°C isotherm at about 611 Ma (90% confidence interval: 635-588 Ma, i.e Late Proterozoic); its deposition and metamorphis

Abstract

The Tayarat formation extends over a large area; this formation has a diverse and complex geology and has heavy oil fluid system. A previous review of the analogous technologies that apply to the Tayarat heavy oil formation shows that it would be economically impossible to deploy a single reservoir development technology in all the areas of the field. In this project, we evaluated cyclic steam stimulation strategies focusing on applying different well completions. We have applied a compositional numerical simulation model using CMG Stars to investigate the application of different cyclic steam stimulation strategies. This includes using a traditional vertical well with a single steam injection point in the entire zone of the reservoir. We also investigated the use of vertical wells with dual string completion, where the short string injected into the upper parts of the formation while the long string injected into the lower part of the reservoir. With the horizontal well injection, we

Abstract

The Greater Burgan field in Kuwait is the largest clastic oil field in the world. Its sheer size, complex geology, intricate surface facility network, 5,000 well-completions and 68-years of production history represent formidable challenges in reservoir simulation. In the last two decades, many flow simulation models, part-field and full-field, were developed as reservoir management tools to study depletion plan strategies and reservoir recovery. The new 2013 Burgan flow simulation was a major undertaking in terms of effort and financial cost. The model size, innovative technology, supporting resources, integrated workflow and meticulous planning applied to this project were unprecedented. As the Burgan field has matured over time, the reservoir pressure has declined in certain areas, with associated reduced productivity. The reduction of wells' productivity, combined with the increasing water production, has necessitated improved oil recovery (IOR) initiatives in order to support the

Abstract

Sabiriyah Mauddud is a giant carbonate reservoir in North Kuwait under active development with water flooding by treated seawater. Reservoir souring occurring at multiple producers has added one more dimension of complexity to be tracked; evaluated & managed. The paper proposal aims to elaborate the challenges and associated mitigations conceived & implemented. Comprehensive evaluation of all data available pertaining to reservoir souring has been done, based on which a field-wise sampling program has been embarked. The sampling program has been executed in phases in a rationalized manner to provide necessary data & inputs to the overall evaluation using analytical as well as simulation approach. Workflow process has been developed so that the tracking, evaluation & management of reservoir souring continues as a live project during the water flood development for Sabiriyah Mauddud. A clear linkage has been observed between the injected volumes of seawater and the level of souring. A re

Abstract

Kuwait Oil Company conducted a 4DVSP steam flood monitoring program in a heavy oil field to help optimize development options. The baseline survey for this 4DVSP was acquired in January 2016 and the monitor survey was acquired in January 2017. The key objectives for this reservoir surveillance project include acquiring a repeatable baseline survey; image two vertically stacked thin reservoir units, perform characterization to understand reservoir complexity and lateral barriers, and estimate the steam chest size (sometimes referred to as a steam chamber) after 30 days of steam injection. The 3DVSP survey took less than a week with rigless acquisition only during daylight hours. The survey area was fairly congested with infrastructure making it difficult to manoeuvre between source positions easily. To tackle this, two groups of vibrators were used with a source driven acquisition technique. This meant much of the acquisition process was automated providing better efficiency and reducin

Abstract

Integrated solutions are important to formulate plans for mature reservoirs under waterflooding due to related dynamic changes and uncertainties. The reservoir and field management need to be handled as an integrated system, and therefore needing a multidisciplinary approach. This paper demonstrates how the integrated multidisciplinary team has developed several workflows covering water-flooding management, production enhancement and maximizing the economic recovery of reservoirs in the North Kuwait asset. Many integrated workflows were developed for water flooding and production optimization. The main integrated workflows that were implemented are as follows: PVT Properties Tool: is designed to estimate the fluid properties throughout the reservoir taking into consideration areal and vertical variations based on trends, and existing data coverage. Opportunity Maps: is a combination of updated reservoir pressure and fluids properties to provide a fast way to identify areas of opportuni

Abstract

Digital Slickline (DSL) Technology for production logging has been successfully implemented in South East Kuwait (SEK) oil fields. This advanced technology enabled Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) to save significant amount of deferred production and operational cost without compromising on the data quality. In addition, it reshaped how the operator performed surveillance operations through a more efficient workflow. A detailed analysis was carried out in more than 11 wells where production logging was acquired with DSL. Comparing the new workflow to the traditional workflow showed that DSL implementation saved around 51,000 barrels of deferred oil production and improved operational efficiency by 72% compared to the conventional workflow, without compromising on data quality during both real time and interpretation stages. Based on these results, KOC decided to implement this workflow in majority of the wells and now it has become the standard for production profiling in ESP wells. © 2019, So

Abstract

Residual Oil Saturation (Sorw) is a critical reservoir model parameter for evaluating reserves in the Greater Burgan Field. Past Sorw studies in Greater Burgan Field either looked only at core test data, or only looked at cased-hole log data. None of the past studies considered areal position, different rocktypes, or changes in remaining oil saturation with varying amounts of water sweep. This study includes analysis of Sorw from open-hole water saturation, Time-Lapse PNC data and Special Core Analysis water flood experiments. The majority of the log data in Greater Burgan Field water -swept zones are concentrated in the 3rd sand middle, 3rd sand lower and 4th sand formations. The comparisons of the results from all three methods used in the study to measure remaining oil saturation (ROS) are limited to these reservoirs. Results from these methods were remarkably consistent. All reservoir sand with extensive PNC log data showed that zones encroached by water for 22+ years tend to be at

Abstract

Objective: Research and innovation have become necessary for sustainability and profitability in Oil and Gas industry in present times. Oil and Gas Companies (Companies) have established procedures and contract templates for commercial contracts. Research Collaboration Agreements (Agreements) have very different requirements and pose Contract Management challenges. This paper deals with the resolution of such challenges. Method/Procedure/Process: In process of developing this paper, a number of Research Collaboration Agreements have been studied with respect to their (i) objectives, (ii) Research Collaborators Concerns, (iii) Research Collaborator's business model and expectation from the Agreement (iv) major issues which contradict with the Oil and Gas Company's contract templates and procedures and (v) mutually acceptable resolution to various issues. Based on the study, this paper has been developed to systematically analyse the issues and share the successful strategies and mutuall

Abstract

High angle or horizontal (HA/Hz) wells are commonly drilled to increase reservoir exposure and enhance the overall production. Whereas reservoir navigation highly advance the correct placement of such wells, completion decisions for profit or recovery oriented production optimization require thorough interpretation of available shallow- and deep-reading formation evaluation measurements. Particularly, complex geological environments necessitate the use of reservoir maps and heterogeneity evaluations to understand the likely production behavior. In such applications, formation evaluation measurements from logging-while-drilling (LWD) technology are affected by the relative geometry between well trajectory and the formation. With increasing depth of investigation of the measurements and geological complexity of the reservoirs, these effects become more severe and true properties become uncertain. The multi-propagation-resistivity (MPR) responses show so called polarization horn effects a

Abstract

The most common sutures used for uterine suturing during cesarean section (CS) are vicryl and/or chromic catgut. The sutures' chemistry and polymer morphology alter sutures' performance and absorption. If the sutures used during CS undergo inappropriate hydrolysis and absorption, the retained intrauterine sutures may cause intrauterine inflammations with subsequent abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) and/or infertility. This report represents a rare case report of retained intrauterine sutures for 6 years after previous CS, which were incised and released from its attachment to the uterine wall using operative hysteroscopy. This report highlights that the retained intrauterine sutures may interfere with sperm transport and implantation and act as a foreign body with subsequent intrauterine inflammation and infertility. In addition, the report highlights the role of a hysteroscopy as the gold standard for uterine cavity assessment in women presented with AUB and/or infertility. © 2020 Gynec