Abstract

Objective: To detect the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) among infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: Two hundred and twenty infertile PCOS women were included in this prospective cross section study. Diagnosis of PCOS was based on at least two of ESHRE/ASRM criteria and diagnosis of MS was based on at least three of NCEP ATP III criteria. A standard questionnaire was used to document length of menstrual cycles, personal and family history of medical disorders. Signs of androgen excess and insulin resistance were noted in the physical examination. Anthropometric measurements were done to measure waist circumference, hip circumference and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Overnight fasting blood sample and a 75 gram oral glucose tolerance test, TSH, prolactin, total testosterone, SHBG and lipid profile levels were evaluated in all studied PCOS women. Trans-vaginal ultrasound was also done to measure; ovarian volume and number of follicles in both ovari

Abstract

At early stages of front end loading (FEL) of steam-based thermal recovery projects, oil companies make critical strategic decisions with limited understanding on how reservoir complexity, uncertainty and risk could affect recovery and economic performance. A solution is to measure front end loading (FEL) and improving it to meet a minimum level of project definition for sound strategic decisions. This paper presents a method to measure FEL by combining complexity and definition rating indices that account for a) reservoir structural, stratigraphic, rock, fluid, energy, static and dynamic complexity and b) definition rating indices and completeness of wells and surface infrastructure. Causal maps guide the assessment of complexity, uncertainty and risk in CAPEX, OPEX and cycle time of typical projects. Sixty-eight factors in eight matrices provide complexity indices and twelve additional factors account for completeness and definition indices for wells and reservoir under static and dy

Abstract

The Sabiriyah Mauddud calcareous reservoir, located in North Kuwait is one of the major hydrocarbon assets in the country. A study was prepared in order to maximize production by implementing a multilateral, multi-zones well path. The paper discusses the methodology for the planning and execution of the first in its class Mauddud reservoir multilateral producer. This study illustrates the implementation of a unique approach for a challenging well design, including two lateral sections (L0 & L1) in a complex reservoir structure targeting multiple zones. Precise and continuous monitoring of the directional measurements was essential for the successful delivery of the mother wellbore, while fulfilling project constrains. The bottom hole assembly (BHA) used in the 6-1/8" horizontal sections was comprised of a rotary steerable system (RSS) with near bit gamma, azimuthal deep resistivity distance-to-boundary technology, and near bit density/porosity. Specialized software were used in creatin

Abstract

This investigation focuses on the ranking of pipeline leakage susceptibility of two categories of pipeline systems. One consists of three oilfield water-handling pipeline systems and the other consists of five dry crude systems. Online corrosion monitoring (OCM) method was used for both systems, forthermore, in-line inspection (ILI) method, with Magnetic Flux leakage (MFL) tool, was also used for the dry crude systems. The OCM leakage susceptibility potential is derived from the combined severity of general corrosion, pitting corrosion, fluid corrosivity and sessile bacteria population density in the process streams. The ILI leakage susceptibility potential is derived from the average number of corrosion anomalies greater than 10% of the wall thickness and the maximum depth of the anomalies (as percentage of the wall thickness). In spite of such distinctions, the ranking of pipeline leakage susceptibility for the five dry crude pipeline segments turned out to be identical for the two m

Abstract

There are ongoing efforts to assess the techno-ecnomic viability of surfactant polymer (SP) flooding to increase oil recovery by improving microscopic and macroscopic sweep efficiency. This paper sheds light on a methodology to design an appropriate SP formulation for potential deployment in the Ratqa Lower Fars (RQLF) heavy oil reservoir in Kuwait. Besides achieving low residual oil saturation due to SP flooding under typical RQLF reservoir conditions, this study focuses on mitigating surfactant retention. Several injection strategies were investigated using alkali, adsorption inhibitors and a variety of water treatment techniques. For each scenario, a specific SP formulation was designed and evaluated through static adsorption tests using crushed reservoir rock. The two most promising options were then evaluated through coreflood experiments. The best option was selected based on in-depth chemical propagation, oil desaturation and surfactant adsorption. Finally, lab-optimization work

Abstract

An operator in the Middle East had several corrosive high-pressure wells which were shut in due to stuck coiled tubing. The well design and status eliminated options for conventional work-overs, so the fish had to be recovered to surface utilizing a Hydraulic Workover Unit and specialist Thru-Tubing fishing equipment. This required highly experienced fishing & milling personnel who could ensure the correct equipment was used for each run-in hole, thereby enabling a safe and efficient operation. Successful execution was based on detailed up-front planning and application of thru-tubing well intervention services for high pressure/high temperature (HP/HT) conditions. The ideal operation would include selection of the right personnel, technology and bottom-hole assembly (BHA) configuration that would offer: 1. Built-in contingencies for pressure control. 2. Meet the material selection guidelines for operations in the corrosive environment. 3. Allow for adequate consideration for all possi

Abstract

Carbonate reservoir rocks of the Najmah formation in Kuwait, with low porosity and low permeability, have been characterized using integrated digital and physical rock analyses methods. High-resolution imaging and analyses determined the microstructural characters of mineral matrix, organic matter (OM) distribution, organic and inorganic pore types, size distribution, and permeability variation within this kerogen-rich Late Jurassic stratigraphic unit. Considerable heterogeneity of porosity and permeability was observed in the 100-ft studied interval of the Najmah Formation. Two-dimensional scanning electron microscopy (2D-SEM) imaging and three-dimensional focused ion beam SEM (3D-FIB-SEM) imaging highlighted the different types of porosities present within the formation rock. At each depth, several 2D-SEM images were used for characterization and selection of representative locations for extracting 3D FIB-SEM volumes. The 3D volumes were digitally analyzed and volumetric percentages

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Microbial corrosion is a serious challenge for the oil and gas industry worldwide, leading to huge economic losses and production issues. Successful mitigation of microbial corrosion requires a complete characterization of the microbial community present in the system. This paper deals with the extensive microbial analysis and study of performance of biocide formulations for different water types in an oilfield. RESULTS: Water, solid and coupon samples were collected at various points in the production system and analyzed for total microbial numbers by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and microbial diversity using next-generation sequencing (NGS). A high-throughput multi-well system was used to screen eight different biocide formulations at various dosage levels. A pipeline simulator reactor was developed and used to represent field conditions such as temperature, flow and shear rates. The tests showed that the dominant microbial species causing corrosion were

Abstract

The Middle and Upper Jurassic section of Kuwait is more complete than the type Jurassic outcrop sections in Saudi Arabia. The lithostratigraphic nomenclature, biostratigraphy, and sequence stratigraphy have recently been revised and clarified. Based on biostratigraphic data, Middle Jurassic deposition began with the Aalenian-Age to early Bajocian Upper Member of the Marrat Formation, which has no time-equivalent unit in the outcrop sections. Three sequences (J16 to J18) are proposed in this lowstand wedge, and the overlying Dhruma, Sargelu, Najmah, Jubaila, Gotnia, and Hith formations were deposited during the remainder of the Middle and nearly all of the Late Jurassic. During that time interval, the Gotnia Basin formed and filled and uplift of the Rimthan Arch first influenced sedimentation patterns in the Gotnia Basin and in the Arabian Basin to the south. Organic-rich rocks were deposited in both basins and were the source for hydrocarbons accumulations in the Arab Formation. Dhruma

Abstract

An integrated, high sample-density biostratigraphic study of the Middle to Upper Jurassic Marrat, Dhruma, Sargelu, Najmah and Jubaila formations of Kuwait was completed on approximately 1600 core samples for palynology, calcareous nannofossils, and foraminifera (thin sections) in twenty wells. Five established Tethyan nannofossil zones are integrated with six recently recognized microfossil zones and two palynological zones, enabling chronostratigraphic correlations within Kuwait and to the equivalent units of Eastern Saudi Arabia. Paleoenvironmental and paleogeographic interpretation is carried out giving some insights to the timing of activation of the Rimthan Arch and formation of the Gotnia Basin, from the Bajocian to Kimmeridgian. The Dhruma Formation is assigned an early to late Bajocian age, nannofossil zone NJT 10 (upper part subzone NJT 10a) based on the co-occurrence of C. superbus and W. manivitae. The Sargelu-Dhruma Transition is of late Bajocian to early Bathonian age (NJT

Abstract

The oil and gas industry has experienced multiple market surges and declines over the past decades. The latest downturn further assures the industry's nature of ‘change.’ Technology plays a key role in the management of change, allowing operators to maximize Return on Investment (ROI) through Cost per Foot (CPF) minimization. The adaptive drill bit was introduced to meet a major drilling operator's increasing demand for enhanced drilling efficiency and Non Productive Time (NPT) reduction. The ‘adaptive drill bit’ embodies a hydro-mechanical apparatus and is entirely autonomous, requiring no input from surface as the system takes action to adapt downhole. Prior to the introduction of this exclusive technology, drill bits have been static devices, incapable of altering their characteristics in response to changes in formation or downhole loading conditions. The smart feature mitigates drilling vibration and hence improves drilling efficiency. In the subject application, the 12.25-in. int

Abstract

[No abstract available]

Abstract

A Miscible Hydrocarbon Gas injection pilot is being implemented by Kuwait Oil Company in the Minagish Middle Oolite (MN-MO) carbonate reservoir of West Kuwait. The water pre-flush phase of this pilot was initiated in March 2016 in preparation for subsequent miscible gas injection. An Inter-Well Tracer Test (IWTT) was performed during the water pre-flush phase to assess reservoir conformance and connectivity in a complex and highly laminated formation to support reservoir modeling activities. Implementing an IWTT is an integral part of the overall surveillance/monitoring program to properly evaluate reservoir heterogeneities within and around the selected pilot area prior to miscible gas injection. Three different tracers were injected through the central injector into three geologically distinct, vertically stacked and inter-connected layers. Water samples were collected from three pilot producers on a regular basis for lab analysis to construct produced tracer curves. These tracer cur

Abstract

The end-Cretaceous (ca. 66 Ma) Phenaimata alkaline igneous complex, associated in space and time with the Deccan large igneous province (LIP) in Western India, consists of bimodal (tholeiitic to alkaline) differentiated plutonic to volcanic igneous rocks. Mineralogy and petrology of variably fractionated alkaline lamprophyre and dolerite dykes of the complex are the focus of this study. The two lamprophyre dykes (termed as camptonite-I and camptonite-II) which intrude the host basalt/olivine dolerites and gabbro, differ in their liquidus minerals and crystal size distribution. Their respective rare earth element (REE) and trace element patterns suggest the lamprophyres to be genetically related, with the camptonite-II being relatively more evolved than that of the camptonite-I. Binary mixing model involving trace elements as well as the Sr˗Nd isotopic data in case of the camptonite-I, brings out involvement of crustal contamination in the generation of the lamprophyres. The two dolerit

Abstract

Many decisions in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) pilot design are required to plan an EOR pilot that, if executed successfully, gives a reliable data set and sufficient information to make full field EOR development decisions in the future. A miscible gas EOR pilot was designed for the formation "X" in the field "Y" of Kuwait using an uncertainty driven approach. The method presented in this is paper is a qualitative way of linking key miscible gas EOR performance parameters of the formation to the intrinsic uncertainties of the properties impacting them. An assessment of the impact of the uncertainty itself, likelihood of impact and the acceptance, or required uncertainty reduction, provided the direct link to the selection of the pilot concept, the pilot type, the pilot location and the operational sequence of executing the pilot. The key miscible EOR performance drivers for the formation in, with unacceptable high uncertainty, are vertical sweep efficiency (Ev) and remaining oil satura

Abstract

Large reserves of high-viscous oil in Kuwait call for improved oil recovery scenarios. In Kuwaiti unconsolidated sandstone formations, the sandstone intervals represent extensive reservoir intervals of sand separated by laterally extensive nonreservoir intervals that comprise finer-grained argillaceous sands, silts, and muds. The reservoir is shallow with high permeability (above 1,000 md) and under bottom aquifer pressure support. Due to strong viscosity contrast between oil and water, after breakthrough, the water cut rises quickly, resulting in strong loss of production efficiency. Mitigating water production is thus mandatory to improve production conditions. The candidate wells have two to three open intervals in different rock facies with comingle production. The total perforated length is between 38 and 48 ft. Production is through progressing cavity pumps (PCP) at a rate of around 300 B/D, and basic sediment and water is between 71 and 87%. The technology applied utilizes prege

Abstract

Water injection is the most commonly used method for pressure maintenance in depletion drive reservoirs worldwide and there are numerous examples where the recovery has been enhanced significantly. However early breakthrough of injected water due to high permeability zones or thief zones mostly in heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs causes water recycling resulting in poor volumetric sweep and in turn adversely affects the oil recovery from the reservoir. A judicious mixture of proper reservoir management and development strategy may reduce the water recycling to a significant level. Sabiriyah Mauddud is a giant carbonate reservoir in North Kuwait and has been under production since last 57 years. Historical performance indicated very little aquifer support for the reservoir with no water production. A water flood pilot was initiated in 1997 when the reservoir had produced only 1% of its oil in place and pressure declined from its initial value of 3700 psi to the level of 2600 psi. Curr

Abstract

The main aim of this study is to mitigate asphaltenes precipitation phenomenon using chemical inhibitors under reservoir conditions. Different conventional screening test methods such as UV-Vis and solids detection system (SDS) equipped with a low-intensity near infrared (NIR) light and a high-pressure microscope (HPM) were used to assess the effectiveness of asphaltenes inhibitors on a stock tank oil (STO) and downhole samples (DHS). These tests have been employed as part of a rigorous investigation to understand (evaluate) the performance of chemical inhibitors in mitigating asphaltene precipitation and deposition. The extracted asphaltenes were characterized by higher aromaticity due to relatively low hydrogen/carbon molar ratios, hence, the higher tendency of asphaltenes aggregation and subsequent precipitation upon changes in thermodynamic factors. Moreover, the evaluation tests of the commercial asphaltenes inhibitors showed efficient asphaltenes dispersion performance when teste

Abstract

Marrat Jurassic reservoir in Umm Gudair Field, West Kuwait is characterized as deep and tight carbonate limestone reservoir. Most vertical wells are low producers due to poor reservoir properties in addition to the reservoir pressure depletion. In order to enhance Middle Marrat reservoir productivity, the practice of horizontal drilling is being adopted. However, boundary navigation and optimizing the drainhole within the desired target layer poses the biggest challenge in this regard. © EAGE Reservoir Geoscience Conference, ResGeo 2018. All rights reserved.

Abstract

The Umm Gudair field is an elongated doubly plunging anticline which bifurcates into two branches NS elongated West UG and the NE-SW elongated East UG structures with a broad saddle in between Fig1A & 1B. West Umm Gudair structure was formed during the Jurassic time and become reactivated in Cretaceous and Tertiary times. East Umm Gudair was formed during Cretaceous as evident from the thicker deposition of overlying Gotnia sediments and its unique fold geometry. A total of 28 wells targeting Najmah-Sargelu (NJ/SR) & Marrat reservoirs of Jurassic have been drilled so far in this field including one deep well in South UG in Divided Zone The Marrat Formation in Umm Gudair field is conventional reservoir with 800ft to 1000ft thick sequence comprising limestone, dolomitic limestone and argillaceous limestone with minor shale and anhydrite. The Jurassic sequence in Kuwait oil fields starts from around 12000ft and is marked by an increase in formation pressure and temperature. Above this lie

Abstract

An integrated sedimentological and sequence stratigraphic analysis of the mixed carbonate and clastic Albian Mauddud Formation in the Bahrah and Sabiriyah fields provides an improved understanding of this important reservoir in north Kuwait. The reservoir comprises two broad stratigraphic units: the lower Mauddud represents the culmination of a long-term transgressive retreat of the underlying Burgan delta system, whereas the overlying upper Mauddud records a low-gradient carbonate shelf or ramp system. A highly layered reservoir architecture of carbonate and clastic facies suggests a combination of high-frequency relative sealevel and/or climatic fluctuations. Sedimentological analysis and regional correlations reveal a complexmixed carbonate-clastic system in which there is a tripartite arrangement of proximal coarsegrained deltaic, distal prodeltaic, and offshore to along-strike carbonate facies. These form correlatable reservoir units bound by flooding surfaces and/or significant i

Abstract

Stick slip and bit bounce are common problems while drilling the production sections of oil wells with Polycrystalline Diamond Compact (PDC) bits. The production section often encounters different lithology including highly fractured limestone, sand/sandstone and reactive shale. In some cases, vibrations are so severe that they cause failure in drill string components, loss of expensive tools in the hole; such as bit and logging sources/equipment, bit damage, wellbore instability and reduction in the Rate of Penetration (ROP). The current paper presents a dynamic model and an active control strategy for reducing stick slip and bit bounce of a drill string with a top drive system. The model includes complete drive systems for both rotational and axial motions, as well as the hoisting system. Also included is the bit/formation interaction, which facilitates the inclusion of the effects of formation characteristics. First, the equations of axial and torsional motions are derived and solve

Abstract

The case study describes a modeling and simulation study of an inverted ESP completion to address three fundamental objectives. A) Increasing the ultimate oil recovery in the massive sands of Cretaceous age in Greater Burgan field by managing water production B) Mitigating the rapid water coning conditions in this high permeable water drive reservoir and C) Designing an optimal operating strategy with Downhole Water Sink (DWS) to control water production and manage well performance. A 2×2km sector was carved out from the full field geological model with 12 wells including the study well. The study well was producing at high water cut at the time of the study. All static properties were updated, and the model was history matched for production, pressure and saturation. Several sensitivity runs were performed, and prediction scenarios were run for 5 years to observe well production behavior in time. The well model was setup with an inverted ESP between straddle packers to produce water f

Abstract

A project was undertaken to construct an overview to build an integrated asset model (IAM) of an onshore fractured carbonate gas condensate and volatile oil asset in Northern Kuwait that is considered the first gas asset discovered in Kuwait. The asset has the potential to produce from six distributed fields producing from four hydrocarbon-bearing structures. The development strategy calls for extensive drilling and facilities expansion to increase and sustain production with the potential addition of depletion compression to further sustain the plateau. Because the reservoirs are highly compartmentalized, they are split into 19 separate models. Production is through three surface facilities, fluids vary significantly across the field from sour gas condensate to volatile oil, and it is important to consider the impact of reservoir deliverability, facilities capacity, and surface backpressure when evaluating different development scenarios. A novel IAM was constructed that integrates re

Abstract

The Information Technology field engages in many routine processes such as creating new users, assigning admin rights, and updating servers. Many of these processes can be automated using a choice of software programs on the market, including Microsoft Orchestrator. This software system provides a friendly graphical interface for automating, standardizing, and improving operational processes. However, a lack of conceptual representation of processes makes it more difficult for end users to understand an existing process or simulate a new one. This paper presents a way to model such processes conceptually using a proposed diagrammatic language that is based on "machines of flow things." A case study is carried out using a real-life example from Microsoft Orchestrator to model an automated process of assigning on-demand and monitored admin rights to users on a PC. The finished model can be used for documentation, management, and control. © 2018 IEEE.

Abstract

This study formulates a model for estimating permeability impairment caused by asphaltene deposition. The model is based on a mass balance and is capable of predicting permeability reduction in either vertical or horizontal wells. The model accounts for both the effects of position in the reservoir and time. The model is formulated in integral form to allow for analytic solutions when symbolic formulation exists for the parameters affecting the deposition process. The modeling approache accounts implicitly for the effects of pressure, temperature, and fluid composition, by including the asphaltene radius distribution. Even though the mass-balance model is one-dimensional and is valid for only single-phase flow in porous media, it can be used to estimate the permeability reduction for both homogeneous and heterogeneous formations. Copyright 2005, Society of Petroleum Engineers.

Abstract

This paper describes the study of the effect of asphaltene precipitation and deposition on the development of the Marrat field using a compositional simulation model with asphaltene modeling facilities.The model enables the simulation of asphaltene precipitation, flocculation, and deposition including adsorption, plugging, and entrainment, and the resulting reduction in porosity and permeability and changes in oil viscosity and rock wettability. A workflow was established in the study to i) characterize the equation of state (EOS) by analyzing the fluid PVT and asphaltene data from the lab; ii) calibrate the asphaltene model input parameters using the core flood experimental data; and iii) incorporate the EOS and the asphaltene parameters into the full field simulation model. The model was used to analyze the effects of asphaltene on various development scenarios, including depletion and water injection. For each scenario, the following were calculated and analyzed: field performance i

Abstract

This paper describes a dynamic modelling and optimization study to investigate the viability of deploying intelligent completions for well management in a mature oilfield in order to mitigate the challenges of increasing water cut and rapid diminishing of surface locations for new wells across the Greater Burgan field. Reservoir simulation is used to assess the potential benefits of installing Flow Control Valves (FCVs) in a candidate well, to control production from multiple reservoir zones. A representative sector model is defined around the candidate well, to include surrounding wells that could influence its flow behaviour. Reservoir properties are extracted from a fine-scale geological realization and updated using current well logs. Sensitivity studies are performed to determine the appropriate size and grid design for simulation. The well is planned to be completed across six producing reservoir zones with a single tubing and an Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP). In the optimiza

Abstract

Complex fluid distribution pattern being investigated in a shallow unconsolidated viscous oil bearing multi-layered sandstone reservoir system in North Kuwait using the "Rock Type" classification approach. These rock types are characterized by petrophysical properties that can be linked to genetic stratigraphy, depositional lithofacies, and secondary diagenesis to recognizing Rock Type framework using an integrated geomodel building approach. The concept that "Rock Type" is a product of rock fabrics to form a link between geologic description and petrophysical properties; thus there is a predictable relationship between petrophysics and stratigraphy. To capture such complexity, we use core-based rock-fabric method to determine and map reservoir characterization variations fieldwide. Identifying these complex variations in petrophysical relationships by geological cycle provides a strong quantitative basis for developing an accurate framework for flow modeling and simulation. In this pa

Abstract

An enormous amount of petrotechnical data has been acquired during the 50 years of oil exploration and production (E&P) in Kuwait. More and more data continues and will continue to flow in on a daily basis, as Kuwait remains a major oil producer with reserve expected to last well into the next century. The data classes range from seismic, geological, petrophysical, drilling, production operations, production and injection volumes, surface and downhole facilities, PVT, well surveillance, etc. Historically, these were stored in various media-paper, magnetic tapes, diskettes, and spreadsheets-and scattered over several departments and private files. The level of data quality was not uniformly high and data access/sharing by geoscientists and planners was problematic. Data duplication, data corruption, data loss, and media deterioration were not uncommon. Further disruption in data acquisition occurred during and after the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in 1990/91.In 1998, Kuwait Oil Company (KO

Abstract

The Lower Fars Formation in the subsurface of north Kuwait consists of repeated fining upward sequences of sand, sandstone and shale. Two wells, one each from two north Kuwait fields, were selected to investigate the presence of calcrete and dolocrete in it. Total forty-four core samples of the host sediment, calcrete, and dolocrete were analyzed using thin section petrography, XRD, XRF, and SEM techniques. Additionally, granulometric analysis was also performed for the host sediments. Fabrics and textures of the studied calcrete indicate two genetic types, namely; phreatic groundwater and pedogenic that display several development stages with two end members: incipient and mature calcrete. It was concluded that the nature of the host sediments, the hydrogeochemical conditions, and the prevailing climate played significant role in the development of these calcrete horizons within Mutriba field. The occurrence of cyclic nodular dolocrete horizons within the South Ratqa sequence is mainl

Abstract

The BLUE protocol provides an excellent step-by-step approach for diagnosis of acute dyspnea. Adding FECHO (Focused Echocardiography) to the BLUE protocol completes the picture and helps make solid diagnoses, especially in submassive and massive PE (Pulmonary embolism). COVID-19 infection can present with thrombotic manifestations like DVT (Deep vein thrombosis) and PE with no ultrasonographic evidence of lung parenchymal affection. © 2021 The Authors. Clinical Case Reports published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Abstract

This paper describes the methodology adopted to Monitor Health of Reservoir by tracking historical movement of reservoir fluids in an Oolitic limestone reservoir in Kuwait. The reservoir has a weak aquifer support, hence Gas injection followed by Water injection was implemented to provide necessary pressure support and improve overall reservoir sweep. Since injection is being undertaken for a long period of time, drainage radius of water injectors is estimated through streamlines and accordingly the reservoir is divided into different regions based on the injection radius. Thereafter, historical movement of reservoir fluids in each region is analyzed for a period of 60 years to understand the following, 1. Identify the position of leading edge of water and its associated flood-front with respect to each zone & region. 2. Capture oil saturation changes during the last 60 years and identified which regions had minimal changes in oil saturation to accelerate implantation of new infill wel

Abstract

Cyclic Steam Stimulation (CSS) operations for Heavy Oil production in the Lower Fars formation of South Ratqa field located in North Kuwait is being monitored using 3D Vertical Seismic Profiling (VSP) and 4D surface seismic methods. 4D seismic inversion has been integrated with production data by assessing the cycle stage of individual wells, production and injection data, measured temperatures of emulsion, and pressure fall off data during soaking period. To qualitatively cross-check the results, analytical and numerical methods were also invoked to show good correlation between injected steam volume and the size of steam anomaly around the injectors at the time of the acquisition. The orientation of the steam anomalies is consistent with the measured temperatures of production streams. The lesson learnt from the CSS pilot study proved the significance value of 4D seismic in monitoring of the CSS mainly in injection mode and follow-up steam flooding. © 2018 Society of Petroleum Engine

Abstract

Introduction: To detect the morphological parameters of ovarian masses and the accuracy of the risk of malignancy index (RMI) in diagnosing ovarian malignancy. Material and methods: 264 women in 3 groups (reproductive, premenopausal, and postmenopausal) presented with ovarian masses and scheduled for surgery were included in this study. The participants' preoperative RMI was compared to the postoperative histology (gold standard) to detect the accuracy of RMI in diagnosing ovarian malignancy. Results: The incidence of malignant and benign ovarian tumours in the reproductive group was 9.1% and 90.9%, respectively, while it was 35.2% and 64.8%, respectively, in the premenopausal group, and 35.2%, and 64.8%, respectively, in the postmenopausal group. The incidence of malignant ovarian tumours was significantly higher in the premenopausal (35.2%) and postmenopausal (35.2%) groups compared to the reproductive group (9.1%), (p = 0.0008, and p = 0.0008, respectively). The receiver operating c

Abstract

Drilling the Hith & Gotnia formations in Kuwait has long been a challenge due to its sharp contrast in lithology of salt, anhydrite with pressurized limestone streaks. The thickness of this formation varies across Kuwait between 200-1,400 ft in Jurassic deep wells and makes this formation more plastic in nature due to high pressure and temperature. Also, a narrow margin of the pressure operating window exists, leading to the frequent occurrence of well control and total mud losses incidents compounded with high H2S/CO2 corrosive environment and resulting in increased number of NPT (Non-Productive Time). Cooperation between KOC Deep Drilling Team and Weatherford Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) led to accurate analysis of the risks and develop a high level MPD strategy to drill Gotnia pilot well in North Kuwait field where high pore and overburden pressure in this formation results in mud weight requirements above 19.0 ppg. Application of MPD allowed to maintain Bottom Hole Pressure cons

Abstract

Reservoir production challenges are always escalated when the concentration of H2S and CO2 are extremely high. This paper highlights the challenges encountered, mitigation techniques used to overcome hurdles, and remaining tasks in testing the first deep high angle High Pressure High Temperature (HPHT) exploratory well completed with Multi-Stage Completion (MSC) in the presence of ultra-sour fluid (H2S-31% and CO2-38%) in Kuwait. The subject Jurassic well is drilled at a highly deviated angle up to 19,000 ft in measured depth (MD). The completion installed is composed of an open-hole MSC and three stages of frac ports tied back with a Liner Hanger to the upper 4.5 inch tubing. After setting the completion, the 15.8 ppg oil base mud (OBM) completion fluid was displaced with 11.6 ppg brine. DataFrac treatment and analyses were followed by acid fracturing treatment in all three stages. Post-fracturing well clean-up is achieved by continuously pumping Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) scavenger to pr

Abstract

The paper describes the use of the Analytic Hierarchy Process in the strategic planning for the development of a series of reservoirs in the same field. A department of the Kuwait Oil Company is responsible for the development of these reservoirs and needed to determine the best order in which to develop these assets. In order to do this it was necessary to make judgements regarding how well any development option met a set of strategic criteria. At the individual reservoir level, it was also necessary to judge which development option best met a set of criteria for the development of specific reservoirs. A decision hierarchy was developed that reflected the ordering of the criteria and the specific alternatives. Pair-wise comparisons of the various criteria were made in order to determine how well they satisfied the overall objective. These judgments were evaluated using a judgment matrix to determine weights for the criteria. These criteria were applied to decisions to be made at the

Abstract

Objectives/Scope: Currently Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) is facing a challenge in using the open-hole MSF completion which takes time for the packers to swell and has a potentiality to open multiple fractures between the swell packers during a stage pump job. Generation of more short fractures will lead to less efficiency in obtaining the targeted productivity/sustainability increase. The older frac method of plug and perf provides better frac geometry but is complex in execution and longer in duration. Therefore an improved completion technology "Cemented Fracturing Sleeves" was piloted which combines both advantages. Methods, Procedures, Process: The pilot was implemented in two selected wells in North Kuwait oil field, where a frac Completion was lowered into the well with frac sleeves then hanged and cemented after which the inner completion is cleaned with CTU, then carried out the staged acid frac by opening the frac port using ball drop system. With each stage, a bigger ball was dro

Abstract

In order to capture the mineralogical complexity of Middle Marrat reservoir, which is dominated by calcite with some evidence of dolomitic limestones and dolomites, the multi-mineral analysis method, which is suitable for a heterogeneous environment has been employed. This is a powerful technique which employs a probalistic or a statistical interpretation method (Multimin). © EAGE 2019.

Abstract

This article presents fibrosing mesenteric tuberculosis in a 19-year-old Arab boy who presented with weight loss, fever, abdominal pain, and distension. Abdominal contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT)was performed which showed large infiltrative ill-defined mesenteric-based enhancing soft tissue phlegmonous mass with surrounding desmoplastic reaction causing retraction-kinking of small bowel loops associated with central necrotic mesenteric lymph nodes, multifocal small bowel wall thickening, and ascites. Abdominal tuberculosis is a diagnostic challenge particularly if pulmonary tuberculosis is absent as in this case. CT appears to be the modality of choice if clinical and epidemiological suspicion is high in order to ensure early treatment for a favorable outcome. © 2019 The Authors

Abstract

Seismic data from the State of Kuwait are typically contaminated with multiple energy. Considerable experience has been gained in seismic data re-processing for multiple attenuation. Both current and emerging technologies have been considered and evaluated for their effectiveness in two important geological and hydrocarbon bearing settings. Two case histories describe the analysis, testing and results that have been achieved. Although this is an ongoing project, key milestones have already been attained in data quality improvements and the benefits for reservoir mapping are now being realized. © 2001 Society of Exploration Geophysicists.

Abstract

In the prolific North Kuwait field, the 16 inch intermediate vertical section is typically drilled with Tungesten Carbide Insert (TCI) drill bit [445 IADC] and rotary assembly. The TCI average Rate of Penetration (ROP), through approximately 4,800 feet of limestone, sandstone and shale, is 38.7 feet per hour. Given the operator's target to reduce drilling time and minimize the North Kuwait well cycles; the hybrid drill bit was proposed to raise ROP performance and save drilling days per well. The main challenge was to significantly reduce drilling time and enhance the cost-per-foot of the application with the new hybrid drill bit. In addition to providing smooth torque fluctuations, similar to that of the roller cones drill bit. A specialized Drilling Application Review Team (DART) from the service provider implemented an optimization process to achieve the aforementioned targets. The hybrid bit design has been revised and upgraded to best-fit the interbedded carbonates application. Bo

Abstract

The North Kuwait Jurassic Complex consists of five fields, each with three identified reservoirs within the naturally fractured Jurassic carbonate formation. These reservoirs contain multiple fluid types at near critical conditions with flow properties ranging from fracture to matrix dominated flow. Multiple-scenarios production forecasts, using dual-porosity, dualpermeability reservoir simulation models, are required to prepare an optimal development plan for the complex. In this paper we discuss available options to simulate multiple reservoirs which, although isolated based on the current compartmentalization understanding of the complex, they cannot be run in isolation because of global production targets. We show that using multiple-reservoirs integration through controller to couple the separate reservoir models through global production targets/limits provides an optimal simulation framework for the NKJC: flexibility and computational efficiency of multiple segment models and co

Abstract

Identification and characterization of the pore network geometry within hydrocarbon reservoirs is required to accurately propagate production potential across a field/basin. High-resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and epifluorescent light microscopy was performed on a series of depositional facies identified within three whole core sections of the Najmah Formation in West Kuwait to identify the presence and concentration of porosity. These interpretations were integrated with X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and total organic carbon (TOC) analysis to understand hydrocarbon production capacity. © 2022 Society of Exploration Geophysicists and the American Association of Petroleum Geologists.

Abstract

The Minagish field in West Kuwait is a high potential field which poses several challenges in terms of hydrocarbon flow assurance through highly depleted tight carbonate intervals with uneven reservoir quality and curtailed mobility. These conditions have shifted the field development from vertical to horizontal wellbore completions. Achieving complete wellbore coverage is a challenge for any frac treatment performed in a long openhole lateral with disparities in reservoir characteristics. The fluid will flow into the path of least resistance leaving large portions of the formation untreated. As a result, economic fracturing treatment options dwindle significantly, thus reservoir stimulation results are not always optimum. A multistage fracturing technique using Integrated Dynamic Diversion (IDD) has been performed first time in West Kuwait field well. The process uses active fluid energy to divert flow into a specific fracture point in the lateral, which can initiate and precisely pla

Abstract

Energy consumption evaluation was performed on buildings, owned by Kuwait's ministry of public housing, before and after modifying the thermo-optical properties of the existing glazing. The investigated building for this study is located in the State of Kuwait and was selected to highlight the effect of glaze coating on the overall energy efficiency using the country geographical conditions. A simulation software, called DesignBuilder, was used to construct and model the selected building and estimate its electricity consumption after applying different types of glazing modifications. This includes employing commercial coatings and films on the original building double-glaze glass in the form of a single layer nanocoating, multi-layer nanocoating, nanoceramic film, and 30% tented film. Furthermore, the parameters of the original and modified glazes, such as Solar heat gain coefficient, light transmission, and solar transmission value, were obtained experimentally then used in DesignBui

Abstract

It is a challenge to drill in highly deviated or horizontal holes across the highly depleted formations. Wellbore instability, differential sticking and mud loss are frequently encountered problems while drilling a depleted reservoir in deep HTHP wells in Kuwait. Long-term production caused formation pressures to be highly depleted, and drilling became more challenging with considerable non-productive time. Therefore, it is necessary to identify a fluid's solution when other options with casing zone isolation are not viable. Traditionally, oil-based mud (OBM) was used while drilling these formations with limited success. A customized fluid system was designed to overcome the issue of high overburden pressure in depleted formations targeting effective bridging, minimizing pore pressure transmission and strengthening the wellbore. A nano-size deformable synthetic polymer, along with sized calcium carbonate and graphite, was identified to effectively plug the pore throats and minimized th

Abstract

It is a challenge to drill in highly deviated or horizontal holes with high differential pressures. Wellbore instability, differential sticking and mud loss are frequently encountered problems while drilling slanted wells in Kuwait across shale and sand series. Drilling became more challenging with considerable non-productive time. Therefore, it is necessary to identify a fluids solution when other options with casing zone isolation are not viable. Traditionally, oil-based mud (OBM) was used while drilling these formations with limited success. A customized fluid system was designed to overcome the issue of high overburden pressure in shale and sand series formations targeting effective bridging, minimizing pore pressure transmission, and strengthening the wellbore. A nano-size deformable synthetic polymer, along with sized calcium carbonate and graphite, was identified to effectively plug the pore throats and minimize fluid invasion, which was confirmed by particle plugging tests. A w

Abstract

Biodiesel is a sustainable, clean fuel that has drawn attention from academia and industrial sectors due to the rise in global energy demands. Biodiesel production is accompanied by impurities such as soap, glycerol, alcohol, and catalyst. Soap content, being one of the major impurities, must be removed from biodiesel to prevent engine deposit and fuel filter plugging. Purification of biodiesel is therefore a critical processing step that requires continuous improvement to meet international standards. In this study, ammonium-based DESs were used as the extractant for the first time in removing soap from palm oil-based biodiesel using a low stirring extraction system. The study investigated the effect of different DESs, DES:biodiesel molar ratio, stirring speed, and extraction time on the removal of soap. The results showed that ammonium salt-aqueous glycerol-based DES emerged as the best DES with the highest soap content removal from biodiesel. The extraction efficiency was found to b