Abstract

The previous generation of integrated reservoir models for KOC's heavy oil fields in North Kuwait brought insight which enable implementation of development decisions. With field maturation, additional well data and emerging production trends drive a need to update models to ensure relevance for serving the evolving business objectives of sustaining and maximizing incremental production. This subsurface analysis has been augmented through study of the Jal-Az-Zor escarpment (north of Kuwait City) where stratigraphic equivalents of the reservoir crop out. Field analogues permit direct observations of the reservoir characteristics and heterogeneities that influence production behavior and ultimately project economics. They can resolve questions on spatial continuity of the key reservoir flow units by bridging the scale gap between seismic and well data which directly link to OPEX & CAPEX expenditure through optimal well spacing & design, injection steam/water conformance and BSW managemen

Abstract

Wellens syndrome (WS) is identified by ECG changes in the precordial leads after resolution of angina chest pain. WS indicates critical stenosis of the proximal left anterior descending (LAD) artery. On the other hand, Kounis syndrome (KS) is an allergic reaction to various substances resulting in acute coronary syndrome. Contrast media can trigger the allergic reaction associated with KS. We describe a patient with WS who developed an allergic reaction to contrast media after percutaneous coronary intervention and experienced recurrent myocardial infarction on re-exposure. © EFIM 2020.

Abstract

During the AAPG/SEG International Conference & Exhibition (ICE) held 3-6 April 2016 in Barcelona, Spain, the SEG Women's Networking Committee (WNC) and the AAPG PROWESS Committee launched "The Rocky Road to Success: Women Beyond Geosciences"-an event aimed at discussing the hurdles associated with and, most importantly, envisioning trends and solutions for women's career paths in the geosciences. © 2016 by The Society of Exploration Geophysicists.

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[No abstract available]

Abstract

An overview on the future challenges that the oil and gas production is facing in regards to the continuous increase of the produced water (effluent water), the volume of effluent water associated with crude oil production has been increasing due to the maturing of the oil fields, field developments forecasts can be used in order to estimate this increase, and develop the required mitigation methods. This paper discuss the future challenges which will occur due to the rapid increase of the produced water in the upstream oil and gas industry and demonstrate variances between possible solutions. This increment in the produced effluent water shall develop a huge challenges in achieving the required oil targets due to the limitation in capacities of the separation equipment's at the existing facilities, also the produced water handling facilities shall face a challenge in delivering this quantum of produced water to the produced water disposal/ injection plants. Limitation of available spa

Abstract

This paper discusses the findings and outcomes of the SPE-Workshop entitled "Future Proofing Engineering and Geoscience Skills During the Energy Transition", which was organized in Abu Dhabi, UAE in November, 2022. The workshop considered the challenges faced in recruiting and retaining skilled professionals in the period 2030 to 2050. These challenges will be faced not only by national oil companies (NOCs) but also by international oil companies (IOCs) and service companies. The workshop brought together representatives from NOCs, IOCs, universities, and training providers to integrate multiple perspectives. Enrollments in petroleum engineering and petroleum geoscience university programs have declined precipitously since the oil price drop of 2014. It has been estimated that the oil and gas (O&G) industry has lost over 450,000 jobs. Furthermore, concerns about climate change, and the industry's role in causing climate change, has led many young people to seek careers in other fields.

Abstract

This paper describes planning, implementation, and results of chemical gas tracers used in a gas injection pilot study in a heterogeneous multilayer reservoir, onshore Kuwait. The use of tracer for waterflooding is a common practice to understand and improve field performances. In contrast, tracing injected gas with chemical tracers is applied less frequently. This study presents the first implementation of gas tracers in a pilot study in Kuwait and is an early adaptation of tracers to investigate gas-based EOR in the Middle East. The pilot comprises of one injector completed in three target layers and seven producers, completed in similar or other different layers. Unique gas tracers were injected into isolated layers independently at different times to evaluate the injector-producer connectivity in each layer. The producers and re-injected gas were sampled for one year to evaluate gas tracers return. The recovered tracer masses were evaluated against the injected amount to provide in

Abstract

Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) has installed and operated gas turbines since 1957. There are currently 79 Gas Turbines ranging in size from 700 to 33,000 H.P. of various types, from industrial to aero-derivative. Gas turbines provide more than half a million in horsepower, which is more than 80% of the power, for machinery and power generation at KOC. This paper covers the introduction and the rappid growth of gas turbine power at KOC. Operational sites at KOC are subject to severe heat, dust and humidity. The experience in the operation and maintenance in the early years of the gas turbines at KOC are described. Gas turbines have played a major role in the success of the Company. © 1988 by ASME.

Abstract

The South Ratqa heavy oil field, located in the Northern part of Kuwait, will be developed thermally with the first phase of the development expected to become on stream in 2019. The water source to make up steam is coming from the Municipality Sewage Plant Sulaibiya (SWWTP) located in Kuwait City. The Sulaibiya plant is handling sewage water which is locally treated to make it suitable for further use. In the treatment process, RO units are used, and the reject stream of those RO units was identified as water source for the steam plant in the South Ratqa field. In total six steps are required to cover the full treatment scheme of the Boiler Feed Water (BFW) plant, namely: (a) Water Clarifier and sludge treatment, (b) Multimedia and Ultra filtration, (c) Ion Exchange, (d) double Reverse Osmosis, (e) Ozone and Ultra Violet treatment and (f) finally De-aerator. Currently, the plant is being constructed as part of the first phase of the South Ratqa thermal development. Control of bacteria

Abstract

Carbonatites and associated alkaline rocks are the primary sources for REE mineralization. The Ambadongar Carbonatite Complex (ADCC) from NW Deccan Volcanic Province (DVP) constitutes the largest Carbonatite Associated REE Deposits (CARD) in India. ADCC belongs to the final stages of the Late Cretaceous alkaline-carbonatite magmatism associated with main Deccan basalt volcanic activity. The ADCC is an envisioned diatreme structure in which four carbonatitic phases are recognized, mainly calcio-carbonatites and ferro-carbonatites. Each successive carbonatite phase shows higher REE enrichment. The primary REE mineralization with bastnäsite as the dominant REE phase is hosted by pervasive hydrothermally altered ferro-carbonatite plugs. The secondary mineralogy formed with barites in the main orebody during late- to post-magmatic hydrothermal fluid alteration is fluorite, quartz, ankerite, and other REE-bearing minerals like bastnäsite, parisite, synchysite, strontianite, florencite, monaz

Abstract

The Umm Niqa Lower Fars (Heavy Oil Field) oil reservoir has very favorable properties of high permeability, low temperature, and moderate oil viscosity for polymer flooding and work is progressing towards implementing a polymer pilot in this target reservoir. Nonetheless, Heavy Oil Field contains high salinity water, it is shallow with concerns about injectivity limitations, and high concentrations of H 2 S (up to 5 mol% in reservoir fluids) which may adversely impact the effectiveness of the injected polymer solutions. A comprehensive laboratory and numerical modeling was initiated to address some of these issues. One potential concern is the degradation of polymer in the co-presence of H 2 S and possible oxygen introduced with polymer solution injection. This study is aimed at evaluating the impact of H 2

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[No abstract available]

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Advanced wellsite analytical technologies for measuring inorganic elemental and mineral analysis of rock, hydrocarbon components, hydrocarbon isotopic components, and hydrocarbon pyrolysis are proving to be very useful when drilling and completing different type of wells. Experience in different wells have shown that these techniques can be used to assist in predicting rock properties, fluid type, delineating potential pay zones and compartmentalization for reservoir evaluation and further production stages based on rock and chemical properties. A combination of technologies involves instruments for real-time fluid composition analysis using a high resolution hydrocarbon analysis (C1-C8) dissolved in the drilling fluid along with a high resolution Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy (CRDS) laser spectroscope for carbon isotopic analysis. Drill cuttings and core chips are also collected and evaluated on well site using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) for the elemental breakdown of the composition of

Abstract

Outcrop work represents the main source of analogs used to model subsurface reservoirs. Without such explanation of reservoir geometry, architecture, and characterization, producing subsurface formations would be largely uncertain. The aim of this paper is to build a geological static model for the Enjefa Beach outcrop exposed in Kuwait and use it to better understand subsurface reservoir architectures. This was achieved by acquiring several traverses along the outcrop, describing the various rock units, and understanding the depositional facies and facies associations. The next stage was to model each depositional unit as a separate zone embedded in an integrated model. This was followed by developing a forward synthetic three-dimensional seismic model to better understand how such reservoir architecture may appear in the subsurface. The final step was to use these findings in modeling a subsurface Cretaceous reservoir in northeastern Kuwait. The resultant model demonstrated that deta

Abstract

The Jurassic carbonate reservoirs in Minagish Field of West Kuwait have undergone significant pressure depletion (up to 4,000-5,000 psi) over the last two decades. However, during the last few years at least two wells showed sudden and significant reservoir pressure increase despite no injection in the reservoir for pressure support. The asset team plans to develop these reservoirs with more horizontal wells in order to increase the reservoir contact and thereby productivity and reservoir recovery. However, drilling and deepening the infill development wells in this area is becoming increasingly challenging due to uneven differential depletion across the field. Unprecedented drilling complications including mud-loss, well kicks, and differential sticking are observed. This paper discusses how a field scale 3D reservoir geomechanical model integrating all available data was built and used to evaluate the impact of production induced stress changes on reservoir behaviour. Furthermore it

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Fractures play a major role in the production from low permeability carbonate reservoirs. In this paper, an integrated approach for fracture characterization using seismic attributes is attempted. In order to get better detection and interpretation of fractured zones, multi seismic attributes including volume curvature, coherency etc. were applied to reduce the uncertainties associated with the seismic data, and some geological constraints including faults-associated fracture zones etc. were used to interpret and identify the fracture features correctly. The Makhul Formation in Kuwait is a tight and low porosity fractured reservoir and is an important target for hydrocarbon exploration. From a preliminary 3D seismic attribute analysis of the area of interest, the attributes of curvature (positive and negative), semblance and ant tracking have been the most helpful tools in predicting where a high density of fractures might exist and their general orientation. © 2012 SEG.

Abstract

The application of geostatistical seismic inversion proved to be a valuable tool for drilling the first successful well: 017 at the saddle area between Raudhatain-Sabriyah (RA-SA) fields in the North Kuwait. Geostatistical inversion for the delineation of Mauddud reservoir on the flanks and saddle area between Raudhatain and Sabriyah fields of North Kuwait was carried and ranking analysis were performed using the 10 realizations for the planned well: 017 to be drilled in the saddle area (Hameed et al., 2012). In this process, attribute maps of mean porosity for Mauddud formation was generated from each realization. From these maps, mean porosity values at the planned well, were used to calculate normal distribution function and cumulative density function. Later, the probabilities were estimated for P10 (minimum), P50 (most-likely) and P90 (maximum). From the previous study, estimated mean porosity was 0.17 for P50 and 0.18 for P90 for the well: 017 which was successfully drilled very

Abstract

The Minagish field covers an area of 90 km2, located in south-western part of Kuwait in onshore position. The studied Cretaceous Wara and Upper Burgan reservoirs, deposited in fluvio deltaic environment (clastic rocks), consist of vertically stacked sands with extensive lateral facies variation. Lower Burgan sands are more significant and blocky in nature with little variations in their properties. Reservoirs geometry, their heterogeneities and structural setting are the key issues for the development of the reservoirs. The geostatistical methodology used to simulate a high-resolution geological model representative of the reservoir heterogeneity will be described in this paper. The paper will particularly discuss the techniques used for the integration of seismic attributes to constrain the facies modeling, as well as a nested simulation workflow for a realistic representation of heterogeneities. The three dimensional structural grid was classically based on the seismic interpretation

Abstract

The Umm Gudair (UG) Field is located in West Kuwait and is managed by Kuwait Oil Company (KOC). With the aim of draining oil from the undrained northern flank of the west UG area, KOC decided to drill UG-132H, an openhole horizontal producer. UG-132H was chosen as the replacement well for an abandoned well. Located in the northern flank of the field, UG-132H was placed approximately 450 m west of the abandoned well. The lateral drain hole objective of keeping the well at a minimum of 65 ft above the oil/water contact was achieved. Executing this strategic well required careful selection of casing programs, drilling tools, services, and teamwork from all departments to keep the well within the desired target. To achieve the objectives, the KOC team decided to utilize an advanced proprietary rotary steerable system, logging while drilling (LWD) Imaging technology and the geosteering services to properly place the well within the reservoir. The steerable System enabled smooth and timely d

Abstract

Kuwait Oil Company is currently engaged in an early phase development of deep sub-salt tight naturally fractured carbonate reservoirs. These reservoirs has been tested and found to be gas bearing. They are uniquely characterized by dual porosity nature where natural fracture network systems are the primary flowing mechanism. The foremost challenge to produce from these reservoirs is the wellbore interaction with the natural fracture network systems. Despite drilling around 85 vertical and slightly deviated wells in this large challenging HP/HT reservoir complex, understanding and characterization of fractures is a challenge in the absence of horizontal wells, though fracture understanding has improved over time through careful integration and interpretation of logs, core, and seismic data. To achieve the dual objective of characterizing the fractures and to boost production, asset team recently embarked on the strategy to drill horizontal wells targeting these challenging tight reservo

Abstract

Recently, the Climate Change has become a major challenge across the globe. It is disrupting national economies, costing us dearly today and will cost even more tomorrow. Therefore, ‘2015 Paris Climate Change’ marked a historic turning point as it arrived at a universal agreement on climate to keep global warming below 2 °C. HVAC (Heating, Ventilating & Air conditioning) system in general and its refrigerants (heat transfer media) in particular, has significantly impact Green House Gases (GHG) and climate change. Such systems contribute to GHG emission in terms of direct non-green refrigerant emissions and indirect CO2 emissions associated with the energy needed to operate / run the HVAC system. Hence, HVAC industry has been constantly supporting the global efforts for Green Transition. The two measures of environmental effect are Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) and Global Warming Potential (GWP). ODP represents the relative ability of a refrigerant (CFC & HCFC), used in Air conditioni

Abstract

Umm Gudair field is located in west Kuwait, and is under production since 1962, mainly from the Middle Minagish reservoir, an oolitic limestone of Cretaceous age. It essentially consists of two anticlines connected by a saddle into a single oil accumulation. The field is managed by two operators; namely: the northern portion by Kuwait Oil Company and the southern extent by Kuwait Gulf Oil Company and Saudi Arabian Chevron. The production history in the field has undergone substantial changes during the course of the last fifty years. Due to enhanced production mainly from 1995 onwards, there has been a consequent decline in reservoir pressure. However, well measurements suggested stabilization in pressure after 2005. It was postulated that the large fluid withdrawal in the last twenty years and the pressure reduction/stabilization may be reflected in ground deformation. Hence, the primary objective of this study was to acquire, process and analyze Synthetic Radar (SAR) data, both histo

Abstract

Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) is going through many new challenging projects that aim to increase its hydrocarbons production capacity by 70%. The North Kuwait Jurassic Gas Fields project is one of the key projects with unique challenges from the subsurface complex and challenging characteristics of deep reservoirs, high pressure high temperature (HPHT), high in H2S and CO2 concentration-to the design, construction and operating of surface facilities. The Gas Field Development (GFD) group was established in 2007 to manage and accomplish KOC’s desired objectives from the NKJ Gas Fields project. The new group had to recruit manpower and build the required technical skills to address the unique challenges. End of 2010, KOC-GFD entered into an Enhanced Technical Service Agreement (ETSA) with Shell in order to benefit from the International Oil Company (IOC) expertise. One of ETSA objectives is to develop local KOC staff through Knowledge Transfer, whereas challenge was more than 60% of the tota

Abstract

In the oil and gas industry, monitoring the percentage of water content in produced hydrocarbons is crucial to ensure optimal production quality control and prevent equipment damage. The accurate estimation of the water cut, representing the proportion of water produced relative to the total fluid volume extracted from oil and gas wells, is crucial for effective reservoir management and production optimization. It allows the Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) to come up with an optimized production strategy to minimize water production while maximizing oil recovery. Management of water has a direct impact on the economic factor of oil field operations. Unwarranted water production can raise the lifting cost and efforts to manage, process, and dispose of the produced water. Having a system to monitor the water cut with an accurate estimation helps optimize the cost, utilizes the resources effectively, allows planning and design of facility ahead of time to provide sufficient capacity and efficien

Abstract

HSE Live project is a project to create Kuwait Oil Company HSE data capture and reporting web page. Copyright 2015, Society of Petroleum Engineers.

Abstract

Assessing heavy oil composition of a green field, with an accepted level of uncertainty so it can be used for refinery capacity planning is a critical challenge. Knowledge of heavy crude oil properties is vital to understand potential adverse impact on process performance and total costs of the whole value chain, downstream (corrosion, catalyst deactivation, fouling and pumping) and upstream (corrosion, fouling, obstruction, producibility, lifting, pumping and transportation). The usefulness of heavy oil properties is highly dependent upon how samples are representing the bulk of hydrocarbon resources that will be developed and the reliability of the sampling procedure which becomes even more challenging when performed in a geologically complex, multilayered, supergiant green field with wide variations of fluid properties vertically and aerially. In this paper we present a field case with the methodology used to design, plan and execute a heavy oil sampling and essay for refinery capac

Abstract

Kuwait is in the process of developing the deeper heavier oil reservoirs as part of Kuwait's national oil production strategy and KPC strategy 2040. This is in order to increase the oil production capacity for the next decade. The enhanced recovery of heavy oil assets needs a high level of expertise, optimum technologies and techniques, which are tailored to the distinctive challenges of the reservoirs and performed in a cost effective manner to optimize output and maximize economic benefits and rate of returns. Several wells are perforated in the zones of interest of the reservoir within the study area, which is currently under production using Progressing Cavity Pumps and is under natural production phase. The low productivity oil producers are completed in the Burgan reservoir. This reservoir is characterized by very high viscous crude oil around 15,000 cp, with a low gas-oil ratio (10-30) and with little or no primary drive mechanisms. The project requires overcoming certain challe

Abstract

Heavy oil production is becoming standard for the industry as demand continues to increase. The first pilot, in the South Ratqa area of North Kuwait, experienced challenges related to producing such low API production in 6 heavy oil production facilities. The manuscript will focus on the challenges faced during initial set up, solutions executed during the trial phase, and the preventive measures taken to assure smooth daily operations and production of heavy oil. Well surveillance, field development, and field operations teams met to agree on the operation structure and the daily resources, equipment, and facility requirements to run the field. Full time surveillance resulted in a complete picture of well performance and allowed a deeper understanding of the challenges in this unique formation. The main challenges were low API production, sand production, different gas production rates, the remote location, and thermal production issues that occurred after steaming. Sand production is

Abstract

Introduction: Portal venous gas is a rare finding in adults and is typically associated with underlying intestinal ischemia. Portal venous gas can be detected by a bedside point of care ultrasound (POCUS) examination in adult patients in critical care units (CCU). Findings include echogenic bubbles flowing centrifugally throughout the portal venous system. Case presentation: We present the case of a 73-year-old female with advanced ischemic cardiomyopathy and cardiorenal syndrome who was managed in the CCU. She developed vague abdominal pain and respiratory depression requiring intubation and dialysis during her course of treatment in the CCU. Her findings were consistent with portal venous gas upon POCUS, prompting computed tomography of her abdomen and surgical consultation. She was ultimately found to have nonobstructive mesenteric ischemia. Clinical discussion: PVG is an ominous radiological sign and reflects intestinal ischemia in up to 72% of cases. Acute mesenteric ischemia of t

Abstract

Umm Ghudair Field is one of the major oil producing fields in West Kuwait. Oil was discovered in 1962 in the Lower Cretaceous Minagish Oolite Formation and more than 200 wells have been drilled to exploit this reservoir since then. Stratigraphically, the formation is defined by three units; Lower, Middle and Upper. The lower and upper units are considered non-reservoirs, while the middle one is hydrocarbon bearing. However, because of the continuous production over the past 50 years, the filed started to show a variable rise in its oil water contact (OWC). Consequently, this uncertain OWC rise has impacted the planning and production of the newly drilled wells (deviated and horizontal). Several recently drilled wells showed water breakthrough much earlier than expected. To address this challenge and with an attempt to proactively predict the current OWC depth in the new wells to be drilled, Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) decided to try the new High Definition Reservoir-Mapping-While-Drilling

Abstract

The Middle Cretaceous Upper Burgan and Wara sandstone reservoirs in the Minagish field are exhibiting variable clastic depositional settings ranging from fluvial, fluvio-tidal to tidal wave sands. The sand bodies are highly heterogeneous in terms of the stratigraphic architecture implying extensive lateral facies variations, stacked sand bodies and varying petrophysical properties. Modeling the target sand channels and optimizing subsurface well placement and geo-steering requires high resolution geological and seismic data integration in order to minimize uncertainities related to correlations of multiple auto-cyclic ravinement surfaces, channels geometry and sub-seismic fault network. Within Upper Burgan and Wara sand bodies there are different lobes that have varying degree of minerals like glauconite, pyrite and hematite with other cementing materials such as calcite and dolomite. The presence of glauconite has a strong impact on petrophysical evaluation, whereas the presence of sh

Abstract

Mature reservoirs in the Middle East undergoing water-flooding present multiple challenges in the sheer number of wells in operation, coupled with the large volumes of water being produced, handled, treated and injected. Consequently, this calls for practical options to improve water flood efficiency and alleviate water handling constraints. This paper presents a systematic workflow encompassing numerical modeling, laboratory evaluation and field implementation to address injection conformance problems encountered in the highly heterogeneous clastic Wara Formation of the Greater Burgan field as outlined below: • Stage 1: Preliminary technical assessment to identify candidate areas and wells • Stage 2: Fit-for-purpose streamline simulation to support and prioritize selection of candidate wells • Stage 3: Lab evaluation to select applicable chemistries to specific reservoir properties coupled with numerical simulation to forecast field performance • Stage 4: Design and implement Deep Res

Abstract

Cyclic steam stimulation (CSS) was tested in some of the wells of a Kuwaiti heavy oil field. It was observed that the produced water-oil ratio of the CSS wells was much less than the expected range of 0.5 to 1 in a first cycle and up to 2 in a second cycle. High water retention was diagnosed in the formation which led to further investigation to confirm it and to find out its causes. The analysis presented is based on several approaches. Field injection and production data of each well were analyzed to estimate water-oil ratio. Temperature survey was carried out during soaking period to observe vertical movement of steam, if any. Laboratory steamflood experiments were performed on composite plugs. It was followed by oil injection (drainage) to mimic the CSS process and to quantify the water retention and to compare it with the field data. Moreover, detailed geological analysis is discussed to understand the nature of the formation. The analysis reveals that the baffle located just abov

Abstract

Objectives/Scope: A major Operator in Kuwait have used historically Non-Aqueous Fluid (NAF) to drill the buildup section through the challenging shale formations, mainly due to wellbore stability issues and lubricity requirements. As part of the operator's environmental improvement strategy, the operator and fluids provider team identified potentially fit for purpose High Performance Water Base Mud (HPWBM) as the most suitable, environmentally acceptable alternative to NAF’s. Methods, Procedures, Process: A HPWBM system was designed and proposed based on extensive laboratory testing to overcome drilling challenges. Inhibition characteristics and formation sealing capabilities of conventional KCL polymer mud with sulphonated asphalt were enhanced by using a liquid polyamine based clay hydration suppressant and a co-polymeric nano-sized shale-sealing additive. A customized bridging package based on the pore size distribution was also introduced, using calcium carbonate and resilient grap

Abstract

In Kuwait, the Najmah source rock is characterized by a complex diagenetic history and depositional variability. Accurate determination of the porosity and permeability logs is essential for improved petrophysical evaluation, which may not be properly performed using conventional methods. This complexity makes the conventional evaluation methods alone insufficient to determine porosity and permeability logs accurately. A major goal of this study was to produce high-resolution porositypermeability logs for Najmah Formation using advanced digital analysis and geochemistry measurements. Sixty (60) feet of continuous core were analyzed from an oil field in southwest Kuwait. The analysis started with dual-energy x-ray CT scanning of full-diameter whole core and core gamma logging. Plug-size samples were selected to represent the varying porosity and organic matter content along the entire core length. Two-dimensional Scanning Electron Microscopy (2D SEM) and three-dimensional Focused Ion Be

Abstract

Over the past decade, acoustic full-waveform inversion (FWI) has become one of the standard methods in the industry to construct high-resolution velocity fields from the seismic data acquired. While most of the successful applications are for marine acquisition data with rich low-frequency diving or post-critical waves at large offset, the application of acoustic FWI on land data remains a challenge topic. Land acoustic FWI application faces many severe difficulties such as the presence of strong elastic effects, large near-surface velocity contrast and heterogeneous, topography variations, etc. In addition, it's well known that low-frequency transmitted seismic energy is crucial for the success of FWI to overcome sensitivity to starting velocity fields, unfortunately, they are the parts of the data that suffer the most from low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in land acquisition. In this study, we presented an acoustic FWI application on a land data set from North Kuwait, and demonstrated

Abstract

While low-frequency seismic data are crucial for the success of full-waveform inversion (FWI) to overcome sensitivity to starting velocity fields, they are the parts of the data that suffer the most from low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), especially for land acquisition. This abstract presents a semblance-based high-resolution Radon inversion approach to enhance the SNR of the low-frequency part of the FWI input data, and to ultimately improve the convergence of the land FWI workflow. We present an overview of the Radon inversion method used in this study and then demonstrate the success of this approach with a real land data example. Results show that, with the aid of Radon preconditioning, FWI produces a reliable highresolution near-surface model that could not be otherwise recovered through traditional tomographic methods. © 2016 SEG.

Abstract

Dual completed wells producing from the mature carbonate formation in northern Kuwait are encroached by injected water from adjacent wells presenting a challenge for the operating company. Greater oil demand coupled with limited surface water handling facilities increased the importance of stimulating this type of challenging wells due to the drastic permeability contrast across the pay zones. Typically the treating fluid in a matrix treatment flows into high permeability sections and/ or high water saturation "thief zones" resulting in higher water cut due to the over stimulation of the water zones instead of the oil bearing zones. The objective of the present field case study was to place the stimulation fluid equally throughout all intervals of the oil bearing layers while temporary protect the zones suspected to be mainly contributing with water from the stimulation fluid, using two different types of viscoelastic surfactant (VES) polymer free diversion systems placed with coiled t

Abstract

The studied area is the Umm Gudair field located onshore, in the South West of Kuwait. Wells drilled in this field have proven the presence of oil in the Ratawi Limestone Formation. One of the biggest challenges in this field is to understand the porosity heterogeneity in the limestone. Some wells drilled in this field had good initial production but declined dramatically. It is assumed that the declining production is controlled by porosity distribution of Ratawi limestone. In order to assess the porosity distribution and its associated uncertainty in this field, a geostatistical inversion was performed followed by porosity co-simulation. Geostatistical inversion using Bayesian inference combined with a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling algorithm robustly integrates the information of well logs, geological constraints, geostatistical parameters and seismic data, creating models which honor all of the input data. Multiple realizations were created, resulting in highly detailed m

Abstract

We report the synthesis, characterization, and photophysical properties of novel metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) coated with specially designed fluorescein substituents which are capped with electron-withdrawing groups. The fluorescein-coated nanoparticles were synthesized in excellent yields, and their structures were confirmed using various advanced spectroscopic, instrumental, and surface analysis techniques, revealing the formation of the target functionalized nanoparticles (FNPs) which show superior chemical and thermal stabilities. In addition, the photophysical properties of the FNPs were examined using UV-visible absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. These latter techniques disclosed aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties for most of the target FNPs, namely those which are soluble in common organic solvents at selective concentration ranges of water fractions in the solvent mixture. © 2021 The Authors. Published by Wiley-VCH GmbH

Abstract

Oil and gas processing facilities comprise complex work layout consisting of hazardous equipment and process fluids. The hazards associated with its activities and uses of Personal Protective Equipment are dissimilar from each other's & differ area to area. Occupational hazards and risk in terms of injury, exposure to toxic material, property damage, and impairment to environment and loss of reputation are identified and assessed for each activity and mitigation measures are gauged through Safety & Health Risk Registers. It is very much essential to exhibit the identified hazards/Risks appropriately to employees/visitors, besides reflecting those in Permit to Work (PTW) system, which is a coordinated, communicated and controlled safe system of work, which shall be carried out in hazardous / non - hazardous areas. Industries, in particular, Oil & Gas industry have implemented this procedure which is part of their current HSE Management system. It is intended to achieve a safe working en

Abstract

[No abstract available]

Abstract

Approximately 75% of the proven conventional oil reserves in the Middle East occur in carbonate reservoirs like Mauddud in North Kuwait. Today, this reservoir is the focus of aggressive development through drilling of horizontal wells. Mauddud in North Kuwait is heterogeneous with varying rock and fluid properties between crest and periphery. A major challenge in its development is the presence of high permeability streaks that are random, inconsistent and unpredictable. Though typical of carbonates this causes early breakthrough into producers and cycling of injection water into patterns resulting in poor sweep efficiency and oil recovery. The reservoir is under active water flood for over 10 years. Horizontal wells is not something new to KOC yet their objective, completion and integration with development plan is more holistic now than before. Mauddud today is at a point where its character, quality and condition favors development by horizontal and multi-lateral wells. The objectiv

Abstract

Tuba is tight carbonate reservoir and one of largest Upcoming Reservoirs in North Kuwait Sabriyah field and subdivided to three main reservoir units (upper, middle and lower). Tuba, though discovered in the 60's, is still relatively under-exploited presently with only ±10 active oil producer wells with very low total production rate compared to other major reservoirs in same field. High reservoir heterogeneity, tightness, and poor fluid properties necessitate the application of fracturing stimulation technology to maximize Conductivity and hence recovery enhancement. Recent technologies in multistage acid Fracturing executed successfully covering multiple layers as first time ever in one of existing two Tuba horizontal wells. The well under study is highly deviated, completed as barefoot in the Upper Tuba reservoir, intersecting multiple sub-layers. Following the positive results of acid fracturing treatments in offset Tuba's vertical wells, the candidate well was selected for first mu

Abstract

The Greater Burgan field has been on production for over 75 years mainly from the homogenous massive sands of the Burgan clastic sequence. Given the increasing field water cut from these sands, it is now a matter of strategic focus for the asset to target the generally untapped thin, laminated low quality sands to sustain target production. This paper focuses on a case study for a horizontal well design and completion optimization using sector modeling. An updated dynamic model, covering the area of interest, was developed. This is an extremely important tool to achieve the study objectives. A sector model was cut out from the full field dynamic model. Grid refinement was performed on the sector, in both vertical and horizontal dimensions. Newly drilled wells were used to update the model horizons, petrophysical data from offset wells in the sector, including geosteering data from the pilot hole, were upscaled and properties populated across the model. The dynamic model calibration was

Abstract

Because flow regimes in highly deviated and horizontal wells are quite different from those of vertical wells, velocity and hold up distribution are required for accurate flow rate and fluid entry determinations in multiphase flow. Production logging in horizontal wells can be challenging due to undulations and completions such as sand screen. In this paper, we present a field example that utilized advance production logging tool with distributed velocity and hold up distribution using tractor conveyance in sand screen completion. In this job, advanced production logging tool was further integrated with an additional spinner and pulse neutron tool to detect fluids in possible annulus space between screen and open hole. Results were exceptionally good measuring hold up and velocities. All the measurements showed that annulus space was filled with sand and fluid entries were determined confidently. In addition, it was shown that the single spinner in multiphase horizontal flow could not

Abstract

[No abstract available]

Abstract

Kuwait Digital Integrated Field (KwIDF Jurassic) is a complex field located in the North Kuwait. As with many other Digital oil field projects the IT challenges are numerous. The current infrastructure is based on physical servers and resource handling is challenging. Require integrated infrastructure solution to build new workflow demands and to cater large amounts of real-time data being retrieved wells and facility sources. Adoption of Cloud computing for oil and gas is increasing over the last few years, this document primarily focus on Private Cloud strategy for KwIDF Jurassic. A comprehensive assessment was done with the KOC IT Stakeholders, during the in assessment phase captured all the challenges and we ensure the Security is prime requirement accessing the KwIDF applications, One of the prominent challenges was to have offered in cloud computing is the centralized data-handling requirements, the solution creates such a change in technological as well as new workflows Validati

Abstract

Objective of this paper is to present our recent case-histories involving uncommon and unexpected Coiled Tubing (CT) intervention challenges in exploratory wells while testing and stimulating deep HPHT high Sour carbonate formations. Jurassic formations at around 17,000 feet in Kuwait are tested using cased-hole Drill Stem Testing (DST) system. 15K CT is employed during DST for displacement of kill fluids to achieve under balance prior to perforation, placement of acid for stimulation and for well killing operations. CT operational challenges encountered during testing deep exploratory wells are high pressure reservoir(>10,000 psi), limit on CT injection pressure>10,000 psi, pumping acid of 28% HCL, sour well fluid, salt plugging, etc. Well intervention under such challenging conditions requires proper planning, right equipment, techniques and procedures to ensure safe operation. Existing challenging conditions were well managed and objectives were met. A new problem of formation solid

Abstract

Lower Faras Heavy Oil Project in Ratqa, North Kuwait of Kuwait Oil Company is one of the Major Projects in the upstream business in the Middle East. Heavy oil production from a large field is a significant challenge and involve process, which are not common for normally well-developed onshore upstream production operations personnel. There shall be a Limited/No Flow from a heavy oil well as the viscosity is high and to ensure extraction of hydrocarbon in a most possible efficient manner, thermal operations (including the steam injection) is the best option available. This additional process and associated equipment, their associated hazards are not available in the conventional oil & gas production. Though the option of having a horizontal well with no additional steam/heat given to the reservoir, the flow from such wells can recover hydrocarbons, however it is not feasible for a commercial production. As a result, for commercial production, the reservoir is injected with steam (either